Comparison of two testing methods to determine hepatitis B surface antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine among health-care workers

Abstract

Because of variations in reported seroconversion rates and to compare enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods to assess hepatitis B vaccine response, hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) was tested in 116 of 174 high-risk hospital employees enrolled in a hepatitis B vaccine program. All individuals were vaccinated with three injections of Heptavax-B, 1.0 ml containing 20 micrograms of HBsAg intramuscularly in the deltoid. The same lot of appropriately stored vaccine was used. Of the 41 individuals tested within zero to six months postvaccination, 35 (85%) and 38 (93%) were positive by EIA and RIA, respectively. Of the 75 individuals tested 7-24 months postvaccination, 61 (81%) and 71 (95%) were positive by EIA and RIA, respectively. Results of EIA tests performed at two laboratories were similar. Of 109 individuals positive by RIA, 13 did not have protective antibody levels. In contrast, of 96 individuals positive by EIA, only one did not have a protective antibody level. RIA may be a more sensitive test for anti-HBs, but a positive EIA result correlates better with protective antibody levels.