Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2018 Feb 14:15:8.
doi: 10.1186/s12979-017-0108-1. eCollection 2018.

Neuroinflammation and neurohormesis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer-linked pathologies: modulation by nutritional mushrooms

Angela Trovato Salinaro #  1 , Manuela Pennisi #  1   2 , Rosanna Di Paola #  3 , Maria Scuto  1 , Rosalia Crupi  3 , Maria Teresa Cambria  1 , Maria Laura Ontario  1 , Mario Tomasello  1 , Maurizio Uva  4 , Luigi Maiolino  4 , Edward J Calabrese  5 , Salvatore Cuzzocrea  3 , Vittorio Calabrese #  1
Affiliations
Review

Neuroinflammation and neurohormesis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer-linked pathologies: modulation by nutritional mushrooms

Angela Trovato Salinaro et al. Immun Ageing. .

Abstract

Human life develops and expands not only in time and space, but also in the retrograde permanent recollection and interweaving of memories. Therefore, individual human identity depends fully on a proper access to the autobiographical memory. Such access is hindered or lost under pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, including recently associated oxidant pathologies, such as ocular neural degeneration occurring in glaucoma or neurosensorial degeneration occurring in Menière's disease. Oxidative stress and altered antioxidant systems have been suggested to play a role in the aetiology of major neurodegenerative disorders, and altered expression of genes sensing oxidative stress, as well as decreased cellular stress response mechanisms could synergistically contribute to the course of these oxidant disorders. Thus, the theory that low levels of stress can produce protective responses against the pathogenic processes is a frontier area of neurobiological research focal to understanding and developing therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we discuss cellular mechanisms underlying AD neuroinflammatory pathogenesis that are contributory to Alzheimer's disease. We describe endogenous cellular defence mechanism modulation and neurohormesis as a potentially innovative approach to therapeutics for AD and other neurodegenerative conditions that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Particularly, we consider the emerging role of the inflammasome as an important component of the neuroprotective network, as well as the importance of Coriolus and Hericium nutritional mushrooms in redox stress responsive mechanisms and neuroprotection.

Keywords: Mushrooms; Neurodegenerative disorders; Neurohormesis; Oxidative stress.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

“Not applicable” in this section.Not applicable (the manuscript contains no individual person’s data).The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
NLRP3 and redox alterations in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease: Redox equilibrium is maintained by the balance of ROS and antioxidants. If ROS prevail, cells undergo oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. If antioxidants prevail, reductive stress may occur with NLRP3 inflammasome suppression
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Coriolus versicolor (a) and Hericium erinaceus (b) mushrooms
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ziegler-Graham K, Brookmeyer R, Johnson E, Arrighi HM. Worldwide variation in the doubling time of Alzheimer’s disease incidence rates. Alzheimer Dement. 2008;4(5):316–323. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.2479. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Pinpointing plaques with PIB. Nat Med. 2006;12(7):753–754. doi: 10.1038/nm0706-753. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Calabrese EJ, Mattson MP. Cellular stress responses, the hormesis paradigm, and vitagenes: novel targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010;13:1763–1811. doi: 10.1089/ars.2009.3074. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Trovato Salinaro A, Siracusa R, Di Paola R, Scuto M, Ontario ML, Bua O, et al. Redox modulation of cellular stress response and lipoxin A4 expression by Hericium erinaceus in rat brain: relevance to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Immun Ageing. 2016;13:23. doi: 10.1186/s12979-016-0078-8. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kirstein J, Morito D, Kakihana T, Sugihara M, Minnen A, Hipp MS, et al. Proteotoxic stress and ageing triggers the loss of redox homeostasis across cellular compartments. EMBO J. 2015;34:2334–2349. doi: 10.15252/embj.201591711. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources