Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Apr;15(4):601-611.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.01.010. Epub 2018 Feb 17.

Defibulation: A Visual Reference and Learning Tool

Jasmine Abdulcadir  1 , Sandra Marras  2 , Lucrezia Catania  3 , Omar Abdulcadir  3 , Patrick Petignat  2
Affiliations

Defibulation: A Visual Reference and Learning Tool

Jasmine Abdulcadir et al. J Sex Med. 2018 Apr.

Abstract

Female genital mutilation type III (infibulation) is achieved by narrowing the vaginal orifice by creating a covering seal, accomplished by cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or labia majora, with or without clitoral excision. Infibulation is responsible for significant urogynecological, obstetrical, and psychosexual consequences that can be treated with defibulation (or de-infibulation), an operation that opens the infibulation scar, exposing the vulvar vestibule, vaginal orifice, external urethral meatus, and eventually the clitoris. This article provides a practical comprehensive, up-to-date visual learning tool on defibulation, with information on pre-operative, post-operative, and follow-up information. Abdulcadir J, Marras S, Catania L, et al. Defibulation: a visual reference and learning tool. J Sex Med 2018;15:601-611.

Keywords: Defibulation; Female Genital Cutting; Female Genital Mutilation; Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting; Learning Tool; Visual Tool.

PubMed Disclaimer