Competitive Halogen Bond in the Molecular Ferroelectric with Large Piezoelectric Response

Abstract

Molecular piezoelectrics are attracting tremendous interest because of their easy processing, light weight, low acoustical impedance, and mechanical flexibility. However, reports of molecular piezoelectrics with a piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ comparable to piezoceramics such as barium titanate (BTO, 90-190 pC/N) have been scarce. Here, we present a uniaxial molecular ferroelectric, trimethylchloromethylammonium tribromocadmium(II) (TMCM-CdBr₃), in which the halogen bonding might be a possible critical point for the stabilization of one-dimensional (1D) {CdBr₃}^- chain and further reservation of its ferroelectricity in such organic-inorganic hybrid crystalline systems. It has a large d₃₃ of 139 pC/N, 1 order of magnitude higher than those of most classically uniaxial ferroelectrics such as LiNbO₃ (6-16 pC/N) and Rochelle salt (∼7 pC/N), and comparable with those of multiaxial ferroelectrics such as BTO and trimethylbromomethylammonium tribromomanganese(II) (112 pC/N). Moreover, the simple single-crystal growth and easy-to-find polar axis enable it to hold a great potential for applying in the single-crystal form. In light of the strong, specific, and directional halogen-bonding interactions, this work provides possibilities to explore new classes of molecular piezoelectrics and contribute to further developments.