Sustained return to work and work participation after a new legislation obligating employers to notify prolonged sickness absence

Abstract

Aims: Return to work (RTW) after prolonged sickness absence benefits both the individual and society. However, the effectiveness of legislation aiming to improve RTW remains uncertain. We examined whether sustained RTW and work participation were different before and after a legislative change enacted in 2012 (i.e. an intervention) that obligated employers to give notice of prolonged sickness absence to occupational health services.

Methods: Two random samples (2010 and 2013) of the Finnish working aged population (70%, ~2.6 million each) were drawn. Using survival analysis, we assessed sustained RTW (≥28 consecutive working days) during a two-month follow-up after a sickness absence minimum of 30 calendar days in the pre- and post-intervention period. We also identified pathways for RTW with cluster analysis and calculated relative gain in work participation in the total sample and by several population subgroups.

Results: In the total sample, sustained RTW was 4% higher and the mean time to sustained RTW was 0.42 days shorter in the post- than in the pre-intervention period. The estimates were larger among women than men and among those with mental disorders compared with other diagnoses. Changes in the pathways for sustained RTW indicated a 4.9% relative gain in work participation in the total sample. The gain was larger among those who lived in areas of low unemployment rate (20.6%) or worked in the public sector (11.9%).

Conclusions: From 2010 to 2013, RTW and work participation increased among the employees with prolonged sickness absence, suggesting that the legislative change enhanced RTW. The change in work participation varied by population subgroup.

Keywords: Sickness absence; register study; return to work; work participation.