Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses

Charleen Gaunitz¹, Antoine Fages^{1

2}, Kristian Hanghøj^{1

2}, Anders Albrechtsen³, Naveed Khan^{1

4}, Mikkel Schubert¹, Andaine Seguin-Orlando^{1

2

5}, Ivy J Owens^{6

7}, Sabine Felkel⁸, Olivier Bignon-Lau⁹, Peter de Barros Damgaard¹, Alissa Mittnik¹⁰, Azadeh F Mohaseb^{11

12}, Hossein Davoudi^{12

13

14}, Saleh Alquraishi¹⁵, Ahmed H Alfarhan¹⁵, Khaled A S Al-Rasheid¹⁵, Eric Crubézy², Norbert Benecke¹⁶, Sandra Olsen¹⁷, Dorcas Brown¹⁸, David Anthony¹⁸, Ken Massy¹⁹, Vladimir Pitulko²⁰, Aleksei Kasparov²⁰, Gottfried Brem⁸, Michael Hofreiter²¹, Gulmira Mukhtarova²², Nurbol Baimukhanov²³, Lembi Lõugas²⁴, Vedat Onar²⁵, Philipp W Stockhammer^{10

19}, Johannes Krause¹⁰, Bazartseren Boldgiv²⁶, Sainbileg Undrakhbold²⁶, Diimaajav Erdenebaatar²⁷, Sébastien Lepetz¹¹, Marjan Mashkour^{11

12

13}, Arne Ludwig²⁸, Barbara Wallner⁸, Victor Merz²⁹, Ilja Merz²⁹, Viktor Zaibert³⁰, Eske Willerslev^{1

31

32}, Pablo Librado¹, Alan K Outram³³, Ludovic Orlando^{34

2}

Affiliations

¹ Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark.
² Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, France.
³ Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁴ Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
⁵ National High-Throughput DNA Sequencing Center, 1353K Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁶ Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK.
⁷ The Charles McBurney Laboratory for Geoarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK.
⁸ Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
⁹ Équipe Ethnologie préhistorique, ArScAn, CNRS, UMR 7041, Maison de l'Archéologie et de l'Ethnologie (MAE) René-Ginouvès, 92023 Nanterre Cédex, France.
¹⁰ Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.
¹¹ Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique, Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, UMR 7209, 75005 Paris, France.
¹² Archaeozoology section, Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Tehran, Tehran CP1417634934, Iran.
¹³ Osteology Department, National Museum of Iran, Tehran 1136918111, Iran.
¹⁴ Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115, Iran.
¹⁵ Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁶ German Archaeological Institute, Department of Natural Sciences, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
¹⁷ Biodiversity Institute-Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
¹⁸ Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA.
¹⁹ Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80799 München, Germany.
²⁰ Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 191186, Russia.
²¹ Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
²² Issyk State Historical-Cultural Reserve Museum, 040400 Almaty Region, Enbekshikazak District, Kazakhstan.
²³ Shejire DNA Project, 050046 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
²⁴ Archaeological Research Collection, Tallinn University, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia.
²⁵ Osteoarchaeology Practice and Research Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, 34320 Avcılar Istanbul, Turkey.
²⁶ Ecology Group, Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia.
²⁷ Department of Archaeology, Ulaanbaatar State University, Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia.
²⁸ Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
²⁹ S.Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Joint Research Center for Archeological Studies, 637000 Pavlodar, Kazakhstan.
³⁰ Scientific Research Institute of Archaeology and Steppe Civilizations, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
³¹ Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
³² Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
³³ Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK. a.k.outram@exeter.ac.uk ludovic.orlando@univ-tlse3.fr.
³⁴ Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark. a.k.outram@exeter.ac.uk ludovic.orlando@univ-tlse3.fr.

PMID: 29472442
DOI: 10.1126/science.aao3297

Free article

Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses

Charleen Gaunitz et al. Science. 2018.

Free article

. 2018 Apr 6;360(6384):111-114.

doi: 10.1126/science.aao3297. Epub 2018 Feb 22.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark.
² Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, France.
³ Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁴ Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
⁵ National High-Throughput DNA Sequencing Center, 1353K Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁶ Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK.
⁷ The Charles McBurney Laboratory for Geoarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK.
⁸ Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
⁹ Équipe Ethnologie préhistorique, ArScAn, CNRS, UMR 7041, Maison de l'Archéologie et de l'Ethnologie (MAE) René-Ginouvès, 92023 Nanterre Cédex, France.
¹⁰ Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.
¹¹ Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique, Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, UMR 7209, 75005 Paris, France.
¹² Archaeozoology section, Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Tehran, Tehran CP1417634934, Iran.
¹³ Osteology Department, National Museum of Iran, Tehran 1136918111, Iran.
¹⁴ Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115, Iran.
¹⁵ Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁶ German Archaeological Institute, Department of Natural Sciences, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
¹⁷ Biodiversity Institute-Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
¹⁸ Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA.
¹⁹ Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80799 München, Germany.
²⁰ Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 191186, Russia.
²¹ Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
²² Issyk State Historical-Cultural Reserve Museum, 040400 Almaty Region, Enbekshikazak District, Kazakhstan.
²³ Shejire DNA Project, 050046 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
²⁴ Archaeological Research Collection, Tallinn University, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia.
²⁵ Osteoarchaeology Practice and Research Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, 34320 Avcılar Istanbul, Turkey.
²⁶ Ecology Group, Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia.
²⁷ Department of Archaeology, Ulaanbaatar State University, Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia.
²⁸ Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
²⁹ S.Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Joint Research Center for Archeological Studies, 637000 Pavlodar, Kazakhstan.
³⁰ Scientific Research Institute of Archaeology and Steppe Civilizations, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
³¹ Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
³² Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
³³ Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK. a.k.outram@exeter.ac.uk ludovic.orlando@univ-tlse3.fr.
³⁴ Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark. a.k.outram@exeter.ac.uk ludovic.orlando@univ-tlse3.fr.

PMID: 29472442
DOI: 10.1126/science.aao3297

Abstract

The Eneolithic Botai culture of the Central Asian steppes provides the earliest archaeological evidence for horse husbandry, ~5500 years ago, but the exact nature of early horse domestication remains controversial. We generated 42 ancient-horse genomes, including 20 from Botai. Compared to 46 published ancient- and modern-horse genomes, our data indicate that Przewalski's horses are the feral descendants of horses herded at Botai and not truly wild horses. All domestic horses dated from ~4000 years ago to present only show ~2.7% of Botai-related ancestry. This indicates that a massive genomic turnover underpins the expansion of the horse stock that gave rise to modern domesticates, which coincides with large-scale human population expansions during the Early Bronze Age.

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Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses

Affiliations

Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Publication types

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Substances

Associated data

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

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