Prevalence of Dyspnea Among Hospitalized Patients at the Time of Admission

Abstract

Context: Dyspnea is an uncomfortable and distressing sensation experienced by hospitalized patients.

Objectives: There is no large-scale study of the prevalence and intensity of patient-reported dyspnea at the time of admission to the hospital.

Methods: Between March 2014 and September 2016, we conducted a prospective cohort study among all consecutive hospitalized patients at a single tertiary care center in Boston, MA. During the first 12 hours of admission to medical-surgical and obstetric units, nurses at our institution routinely collect a patient's 1) current level of dyspnea on a 0-10 scale with 10 anchored at "unbearable," 2) worst dyspnea in the past 24 hours before arrival at the hospital on the same 0-10 scale, and 3) activities that were associated with dyspnea before admission. The prevalence of dyspnea was identified, and tests of difference were performed across patient characteristics.

Results: We analyzed 67,362 patients, 12% of whom were obstetric patients. Fifty percent of patients were admitted to a medical-surgical unit after treatment in the emergency department. Among all noncritically ill inpatients, 16% of patients experienced dyspnea in the 24 hours before the admission. Twenty-three percent of patients admitted through the emergency department reported any dyspnea in the past 24 hours. Eleven percent experienced some current dyspnea when interviewed within 12 hours of admission with 4% of patients experiencing dyspnea that was rated 4 or greater. Dyspnea of 4 or more was present in 43% of patients admitted with respiratory diagnoses and 25% of patients with cardiovascular diagnoses. After multivariable adjustment for severity of illness and patient comorbidities, patients admitted on the weekend or during the overnight nursing shift were more likely to report dyspnea on admission.

Conclusion: Dyspnea is a common symptom among all hospitalized patients. Routine documentation of dyspnea is feasible in a large tertiary care center.

Keywords: Dyspnea; prevalence; symptoms.

Figure 1.

Prevalence of any dyspnea and dyspnea 4 among patients on admission (Figure 1A) and over the past 24 hours (Figure 1B). Patients (N=67,362) were approached during the first 12 hours after admission. Dyspnea was evaluated on a 0(none)-10(unbearable) point scale.

Figure 2.

Prevalence of current dyspnea 4 stratified by admission diagnoses using single-level Clinical Classical Software (CSS). Patients (N=67,362) assessed for current dyspnea during the first 12 hours after admission to surgical and medical units.

Figure 3.

Dyspnea reported in the past 24 hours, stratified by associated activity level. Median and IQR presented. Patients (N=10,521) were asked what they were doing when experienced dyspnea in the past 24 hours; resting (e.g., sitting in a chair, lying in bed), light activity (e.g., eating, dressing), moderate activity (e.g,, walking, making the bed), heavier activity (e.g.. mowing the lawn, raking leaves).