The effect of increasing tertiles of waist circumference on cardio-metabolic risk, adipokines and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in nascent metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Aims: The effect of waist circumference (WC) on cardio-metabolic features and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation and adipose tissue dysregulation is poorly defined in Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Hence the aim of this study was to examine the effect of increasing tertiles of WC on the cardio metabolic risk profile, pro-oxidant state, pro-inflammatory state and adipose tissue dysregulation in nascent MetS patients (n = 59) without diabetes or CVD.

Methods and results: None of the main cardio-metabolic features including blood pressure, blood glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, and free fatty acids increased with increasing WC tertiles except for hsCRP. In addition, none of the biomarkers of oxidative stress increased with increasing WC. Other circulating and cellular bio-mediators of inflammation and adipokines did not show significant increase with increasing WC. Using the waist to height ratio (WHtR) also did not reveal any major findings with increasing tertiles.

Conclusion: In conclusion, in a well-defined cohort of MetS we failed to show any superiority of either WC or WHtR compared to BMI in capturing the cardio-metabolic cluster, adipose tissue dysregulation and the increased burden of oxidative stress and inflammation in this pilot study. These observations need confirmation in larger studies.

Keywords: Adipokines; Body mass index; Inflammation; Obesity; Waist circumference; Waist-height ratio.