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Review
. 2018 Feb 26;19(2):309-317.
doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.309.

The Complementary Role of Imaging and Tumor Biomarkers in Gynecological Cancers: An Update of the Literature

Emanuela Anastasi  1 , Silvia Gigli, Laura Ballesio, Antonio Angeloni, Lucia Manganaro
Affiliations
Review

The Complementary Role of Imaging and Tumor Biomarkers in Gynecological Cancers: An Update of the Literature

Emanuela Anastasi et al. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. .

Abstract

Gynecological tumors, including endometrial, cervical and ovarian cancer, have increased in incidence over time. The widespread introduction of screening programs and advances in diagnostic imaging methods has lead to a progressive increase in gynecological cancer detection. Accurate diagnosis and proper monitoring of disease remain the primary target for a successful treatment. In the last years, knowledge about cancer biomarkers has considerably increased providing great opportunities for improving cancer detection and treatment. In addition, in the last few years there has been an important development of imaging techniques. Nowadays, a multimodal approach including the evaluation of serum tumor biomarkers combined with imaging techniques, seems to be the best strategy for assessing tumor presence, spread, recurrence, and/or the response to treatment in female cancer patients In this review we provide an overview of the application of biomarkers combined with novel imaging methods and highlight their roles in female cancer diagnosis and follow-up.

Keywords: Tumor markers; Imaging; Endometrial cancer; Ovarian cancer; Cervical cancer.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Endometrial Cancer Checklist, a Proposal for a Correct Patients Diagnosis, Staging and Follow-up. TVU, Transvaginal Ultrasound; MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging; CECT, Constrast Enhanced Computed Tomography; PET/CT, Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Ovarian Cancer Checklist, a Proposal for a Correct Patients Diagnosis, Staging and Follow-up. TVU, Transvaginal Ultrasound; MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging; CECT, Constrast Enhanced Computed Tomography; PET/CT, Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cervical Cancer Disease Progression and Diagnostic Workup. US, Ultrasound; MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging; CECT, Constrast Enhanced Computed Tomography; PET/CT, Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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