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. 2018 Feb 26;19(2):319-324.
doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.319.

Cervical Cancer Prevalence, Incidence and Mortality in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Aamod Dhoj Shrestha  1 , Dinesh Neupane, Peter Vedsted, Per Kallestrup
Affiliations

Cervical Cancer Prevalence, Incidence and Mortality in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Aamod Dhoj Shrestha et al. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. .

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer rates vary across the world, being highest in Eastern Africa (including Zimbabwe) and lowest in Western Asia. It is the second most common type of cancer in women in the South East Asia region and a major cause of cancer deaths among women of low and middle income countries (LMICs) like Nepal. This review is an attempt to make a comprehensive report of prevalence, incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in LMICs. Methods: The review was conducted applying a computerized search with the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) major topics “Cervical Cancer”, “Cervical neoplasm” “Epidemiology”, (“prevalence” OR “incidence” OR “mortality”) and “HPV” OR “Human papillomavirus” as MeSH subheading. The search limits were: language (“English”), LMICs, dates (articles published from “1st January 2000 to 31st December 2015”), and species (“Humans”). The search was supplemented by cross-referencing. Publications that met the inclusion criteria were included in the synthesis. Results: Among the 20 studies reviewed; seven were from Africa, seven from Asia, three from South America, and one each from North America, Europe and Oceania. The review found the highest reported age standardized incidence rate as 17.9/100,000/year in Zimbabwe in 2000 and the lowest as 0.11/100,000/year in China in 2006. One study of Nigeria revealed a cervical cancer prevalence of 5.0 per 1,000 in 2012 in the 25-64 year age group. Further, the highest reported age standardized mortality rate was 16/100,000/year in India in 2015 and the lowest 1.8/100,000/year in Colombia in 2013. In addition, coitarche, tobacco smoking, number of sexual partners and family history of cervical cancer were reported as significant risk factors. Conclusion: The study provides a review of reported prevalence, incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in LMICs from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2015. The scarcity of information reveals a substantial need for further studies on cervical cancer prevalence, incidence and mortality with associated risk factors in LMICs.

Keywords: Cervical cancer; epidemiology; low and middle income countries.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow Diagram of the Study
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cervical Cancer Crude Incidence Rate Per 100,000 Per Year.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cervical Cancer Age Standardized Incidence Rate Per 100,000 Per Year.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cervical Cancer Crude Mortality Rate Per 100,000 Per Year.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Cervical Cancer Age Standardized Mortality Rate Per 100,000 Per Year.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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