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. 2018 Mar;141(3):404e-416e.
doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004166.

Nipple-Areola Complex Reconstruction

Alexander J Gougoutas  1   2 , Hakim K Said  1   2 , Grace Um  1   2 , Anne Chapin  1   2 , David W Mathes  1   2
Affiliations

Nipple-Areola Complex Reconstruction

Alexander J Gougoutas et al. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Mar.

Abstract

Learning objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand how to determine nipple-areola complex positioning on the reconstructed breast. 2. Understand the multitude of local flap and distant graft options for nipple-areola complex reconstruction. 3. Draw at least three fundamental nipple-areola complex reconstruction patterns. 4. Understand the forces that are responsible for flattening of the reconstructed papule. 5. Understand the current techniques used in secondary nipple-areola complex reconstructions.

Summary: Nipple-areola complex reconstruction and tattooing represent the final two stages of breast reconstruction. Nipple-areola complex reconstruction is typically accomplished with the use of local flaps, local flaps with augmentation grafts, or a combination thereof. Regardless of the technique used, however, all nipple-areola complex reconstructions lose a degree of projection over time. Options for secondary reconstruction include the use of local tissue flaps alone or in combination with acellular biological matrices.

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Comment in

  • Nipple-Areola Complex Reconstruction.
    Sisti A, Pica Alfieri E, Brandi C, Nisi G, Grimaldi L. Sisti A, et al. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Nov;142(5):793e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004900. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018. PMID: 30222673 No abstract available.

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