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Review
. 2018 Mar;31(2):61-70.
doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1609020. Epub 2018 Feb 25.

Anorectal Malformations

Richard J Wood  1   2 , Marc A Levitt  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Anorectal Malformations

Richard J Wood et al. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2018 Mar.

Abstract

Anorectal malformation are common congenital problems occurring in 1 in 5,000 births and have a spectrum of anatomical presentations, requiring individualized treatments for the newborn, sophisticated approaches to the definitive reconstruction, and management of long-term treatments and outcomes. Associated anomalies related to the cardiac, renal, gynecologic, orthopedic, spinal, and sacral systems impact care and prognosis. Long-term results are good provided there is an accurate anatomical reconstruction and a focus on maximizing of functional results.

Keywords: anorectal malformation; cloaca; imperforate anus; pediatric fecal incontinence.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Cross-table lateral film in two newborns. ( a ) In a reachable rectum, a newborn anoplasty can be performed. ( b ) In a distant rectum, a colostomy is required.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Male anomalies: ( A ) rectobulbar fistula, ( B ) rectoprostatic fistula, and ( C ) recto–bladder neck fistula based on the insertion of the distal rectum into the urethra, mapped like an “elbow.”
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
( a - c ) Distal colostogram demonstrating a rectobulbar fistula, done with adequate pressure.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Proximal sigmoid divided colostomy with mucous fistula.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Posterior sagittal incision revealing distal rectum, which must now be dissected off of the posterior urethra.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Flow diagram. ( a ) Female anorectal malformations (ARMs). ( b ) Male ARM.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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