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Review
. 2018 Feb 12:9:163.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00163. eCollection 2018.

Distribution of the Most Prevalent Spa Types among Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant and -Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus around the World: A Review

Parisa Asadollahi  1 , Narges Nodeh Farahani  1 , Mehdi Mirzaii  2 , Seyed Sajjad Khoramrooz  3 , Alex van Belkum  4 , Khairollah Asadollahi  5   6 , Masoud Dadashi  7 , Davood Darban-Sarokhalil  1
Affiliations
Review

Distribution of the Most Prevalent Spa Types among Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant and -Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus around the World: A Review

Parisa Asadollahi et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Background:Staphylococcus aureus, a leading cause of community-acquired and nosocomial infections, remains a major health problem worldwide. Molecular typing methods, such as spa typing, are vital for the control and, when typing can be made more timely, prevention of S. aureus spread around healthcare settings. The current study aims to review the literature to report the most common clinical spa types around the world, which is important for epidemiological surveys and nosocomial infection control policies. Methods: A search via PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane library, and Scopus was conducted for original articles reporting the most prevalent spa types among S. aureus isolates. The search terms were "Staphylococcus aureus, spa typing." Results: The most prevalent spa types were t032, t008 and t002 in Europe; t037 and t002 in Asia; t008, t002, and t242 in America; t037, t084, and t064 in Africa; and t020 in Australia. In Europe, all the isolates related to spa type t032 were MRSA. In addition, spa type t037 in Africa and t037and t437 in Australia also consisted exclusively of MRSA isolates. Given the fact that more than 95% of the papers we studied originated in the past decade there was no option to study the dynamics of regional clone emergence. Conclusion: This review documents the presence of the most prevalent spa types in countries, continents and worldwide and shows big local differences in clonal distribution.

Keywords: MLST; MRSA; SCCmec typing; Staphylococcus aureus; clonal complex; prevalent; spa typing.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of literature search and study selection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Three most prevalent spa types in Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Australia.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The most prevalent spa types across the world.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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