Analysis of Lower Extremity Proprioception for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention: Current Opinion

Abstract

Lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries-such as ACL injury-are common, and the majority of those injuries occur without external player contact. In order to prevent non-contact musculoskeletal injuries, athletes must rely on accurate sensory information (such as visual, vestibular, and somatosensory) and stabilize joints during athletic tasks. Previously, proprioception tests (the senses of joint position, movement, tension or force) have been examined using static tests. Due to the role of proprioception in achievement of joint stability, it is essential to explore the development of dynamic proprioception tests. In this current opinion, the basic background on proprioception is covered, and the research gaps and future directions are discussed.

Figure 1. High-velocity threshold to detect passive motion (hvTTDPM)

Two control subjects respond to the hvTTDPM from an accelerating dynamometer. Note the differences in the subjects abilities for rate of torque development even though response times are similar.

Figure 2. Stiffness from high-velocity threshold to detect passive motion (hvTTDPM)

The data from this plot is from the same data that is represented in Figure 1. The initial dashed line represent the passive stiffness slope (similar between subjects) and the second dashed lines represent the active stiffness generated in response to the stimulus. The two subjects differ in their ability to generate active muscle stiffness.