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. 2018 Feb 14:11:343-353.
doi: 10.2147/JPR.S151084. eCollection 2018.

Projector-based virtual reality dome environment for procedural pain and anxiety in young children with burn injuries: a pilot study

Christelle Khadra  1   2 , Ariane Ballard  1   2 , Johanne Déry  1   3 , David Paquin  4 , Jean-Simon Fortin  5 , Isabelle Perreault  6 , David R Labbe  7 , Hunter G Hoffman  8 , Stéphane Bouchard  9 , Sylvie LeMay  1   2
Affiliations

Projector-based virtual reality dome environment for procedural pain and anxiety in young children with burn injuries: a pilot study

Christelle Khadra et al. J Pain Res. .

Abstract

Background: Virtual reality (VR) is a non-pharmacological method to distract from pain during painful procedures. However, it was never tested in young children with burn injuries undergoing wound care.

Aim: We aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the study process and the use of VR for procedural pain management.

Methods: From June 2016 to January 2017, we recruited children from 2 months to 10 years of age with burn injuries requiring a hydrotherapy session in a pediatric university teaching hospital in Montreal. Each child received the projector-based VR intervention in addition to the standard pharmacological treatment. Data on intervention and study feasibility and acceptability in addition to measures on pain (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale), baseline (Modified Smith Scale) and procedural (Procedure Behavior Check List) anxiety, comfort (OCCEB-BECCO [behavioral observational scale of comfort level for child burn victims]), and sedation (Ramsay Sedation Scale) were collected before, during, and after the procedure. Data analyses included descriptive and non-parametric inferential statistics.

Results: We recruited 15 children with a mean age of 2.2±2.1 years and a mean total body surface area of 5% (±4). Mean pain score during the procedure was low (2.9/10, ±3), as was the discomfort level (2.9/10, ±2.8). Most children were cooperative, oriented, and calm. Assessing anxiety was not feasible with our sample of participants. The prototype did not interfere with the procedure and was considered useful for procedural pain management by most health care professionals.

Conclusion: The projector-based VR is a feasible and acceptable intervention for procedural pain management in young children with burn injuries. A larger trial with a control group is required to assess its efficacy.

Keywords: burns; distraction; pain; preschool children; virtual reality; wound care.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure JSF is the founder of Oniric Interactive©, the company that developed the game Bubbles©. The authors report no other conflicts of interests in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Virtual reality prototype at the hydrotherapy room of CHU Sainte-Justine. Abbreviation: CHU, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Screenshot of the video game Bubbles©. Note: Image courtesy of Oniric-Interactive, Inc. Available from: http://www.oniric-interactive.com/. Accessed January 3, 2018. © 2016 Oniric-Interactive, Inc.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of pain scores during the wound care procedure (T3). Note: T3= 10 minutes after the beginning of the procedure (concurrent with debridement). Abbreviation: FLACC, Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability sacle.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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