Aeromonas spp. Human Infection: Retrospective Study in the region of Sousse, 2011 - 2015

Abstract

Objective: To present the clinical and bacteriological characteristics of human Aeromonas infections in the central region of Tunisia from January 2011 to September 2015.

Methods: Retrospective study concerning all Aeromonas spp strains isolated at our laboratory during a period of 5 years (2011-2015). Following data were collected: gender, age, hospital department, co-morbidities, site of infection, date, the Aeromonas species and susceptibility phenotype. Identification was based on conventional criteria and antibiotic susceptibility was performed according to the recommendations of "the Committee of the French Society of Microbiology.

Results: Thirty six strains of Aeromonas spp were collected during our study period. Mean age was 24 years old with a sex ratio of 1.1. The samples mainly provided from internal medicine (30,5%), neonatology (19,4%). Digestive tract (33%), blood stream (33%), skin and soft tissues (17%) and urinary tract (3%) were the sites of infection. Five infections (14%) were nosocomial, associated with biomaterials. The quart of patients was immuno-compromised. The seasonal distribution showed a summer-autumn peak. We noted 2 species: A. hydrophila (83%) and A. veronii biovar sobria (17%). All strains were resistant to amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid whereas we noted effectiveness of third-generation cephalosporins (C3G), fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosids.All patients received antibiotic treatment: 93% an association. Four deaths occured not directly linked to Aeromonas infection.

Conclusion: In our area, Aeromonas infections must be mentioned in case of diarrhea, especially during summer-autumn or sepsis particularly in immunocompromised patients. A. hydrophila remains the most frequent species at our patients. Due to their resistance to aminopenicillins, a probabilistic treatment including either a fluoroquinolone or a C3G, evently associated with an aminoglycoside, should be conducted.