Effect of ventricular pacing lead position on tricuspid regurgitation: A randomized prospective trial

Abstract

Background: Pacing lead-related tricuspid regurgitation (TR), a recognized complication of ventricular pacing lead implantation, may be affected by lead position or diameter.

Objective: This study sought to determine the effect of ventricular pacing lead position and diameter on pacing lead-related TR.

Methods: A randomized prospective trial compared pacing leads in the right ventricular apex (RVA), right ventricular septum (RVS), or left ventricle via the coronary sinus (LV-CS) in a 1:1:1 fashion. Patients undergoing implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead implantation in the RVA (RVA-ICD) were enrolled in a comparison group. Patients with preexisting moderate or greater TR were excluded. Prospective clinical evaluation, transthoracic echocardiograms, and device interrogation occurred 24 hours and 12 months after device implantation.

Results: Sixty-three patients undergoing pacemaker implantation were randomized to RVA, RVS, or LV-CS pacing, and 48 RVA-ICD patients were enrolled as a comparison group. At 12 months, 6 patients (6.4%) developed moderate or greater TR. Moderate or greater TR was not significantly different between groups if analyzed by intention to treat (RVA 5.9%, RVS 10.0%, LV-CS 6.7%, and RVA-ICD 4.8%) or if analyzed by final lead location (RVA 4.8%, RVS 10.5%, LV-CS 8.3%, and RVA-ICD 5.1%). Ventricular lead-related complications occurred in 3 patients with right ventricular leads (3.2%) and 2 patients with LV-CS leads (11.1%) (P = .184).

Conclusion: Neither pacing lead position nor diameter appears to affect TR development significantly. LV-CS leads failed to achieve a statistically significant reduction in TR as compared with right ventricular leads.

Keywords: Echocardiography; Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; Left ventricular pacing; Pacing lead; Tricuspid regurgitation.