Cardiac Channelopathies: Recognition, Treatment, Management

Abstract

The discovery of the human genome has ushered in a new era of molecular testing, advancing our knowledge and ability to identify cardiac channelopathies. Genetic variations can affect the opening and closing of the potassium, sodium, and calcium channels, resulting in arrhythmias and sudden death. Cardiac arrhythmias caused by disorders of ion channels are known as cardiac channelopathies. Nurses are important members of many interdisciplinary teams and must have a general understanding of the pathophysiology of the most commonly encountered cardiac channelopathies, electrocardiogram characteristics, approaches to treatment, and care for patients and their families. This article provides an overview of cardiac channelopathies that nurses might encounter in an array of clinical and research settings, focusing on the clinically relevant features of long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy.

Keywords: arrhythmia; cardiac; channelopathy; genetics; sudden cardiac death.