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Meta-Analysis
. 2018 Mar 2;18(1):308.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5209-z.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies

Mohammad Ziaul Islam Chowdhury  1 , Ataul Mustufa Anik  2 , Zaki Farhana  2 , Piali Dey Bristi  2 , B M Abu Al Mamun  2 , Mohammad Jasim Uddin  3 , Jain Fatema  4 , Tanjila Akter  2 , Tania Akhter Tani  2 , Meshbahur Rahman  2 , Tanvir C Turin  5
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies

Mohammad Ziaul Islam Chowdhury et al. BMC Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of health problems that set the stage for serious health conditions and places individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. The worldwide prevalence of MS in the adult population is on the rise and Bangladesh is no exception. According to some epidemiological study, MS is highly prevalent in Bangladesh and has increased dramatically in last few decades. To provide a clear picture of the current situation, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with an objective to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the Bangladeshi population using data already published in the scientific literature.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed and manually checked references of all identified relevant publications that described the prevalence of MS in Bangladesh. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool the prevalence. Heterogeneity was explored using formal tests and subgroup analyses. Study quality and publication bias was also explored.

Results: Electronic and grey literature search retrieved 491 potentially relevant papers. After removing duplicates, reviewing titles and abstracts and screening full texts, 10 studies were finally selected. Most of the studies were conducted in rural populations and study participants were mostly females. The weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome regardless of gender and criteria used to define metabolic syndrome, was 30.0% with high heterogeneity observed. Weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome is higher in females (32%) compared to males (25%) though not statistically significant (p = 0.434). Prevalence was highest (37%) when Modified NCEP ATP III criteria was used to define MS, while it was lowest (20%) when WHO criteria was used. In most cases, geographical area (urban/rural) was identified as a source of heterogeneity between the studies. Most of the studies met study quality assessment criteria's except adequate sample size criteria and evidence of small study effect was also detected.

Conclusions: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high and rising in Bangladesh. Strategies aimed at primary prevention are required to mitigate a further increase in the prevalence and for the reduction of the morbidity and mortality associated with metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: Bangladesh; Metabolic syndrome; Prevalence.

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Ethics approval and consent to participate

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Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA diagram for systematic review of studies that evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the Bangladeshi population
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot of prevalence, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of metabolic syndrome in Bangladeshi population. Sample sizes for the studies are given in parentheses
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot of prevalence, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of metabolic syndrome in Bangladeshi population, stratified according to the gender of study participants. Sample sizes for the studies are given in parentheses
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot of prevalence, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of metabolic syndrome in Bangladeshi population, stratified according to the criteria used to diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Sample sizes for the studies are given in parentheses
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Meta-regression of metabolic syndrome prevalence in Bangladesh on age of the study participants. a Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Bangladesh over the age of the study participants (stratified by the gender of the study participants). b Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Bangladesh over the age of the study participants (stratified by the definition of metabolic syndrome)
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Meta-regression of metabolic syndrome prevalence in Bangladesh on the study year. a Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Bangladesh over the study year (stratified by the gender of the study participants).b Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Bangladesh over the study year (stratified by the definition of metabolic syndrome). c Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Bangladesh over the different time span
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Funnel plot for the publication bias of the studies that evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in ; Bangladeshi population
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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