A Novel Mechanism for Calmodulin-Dependent Inactivation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 6

Abstract

The paralogues TRPV5 and TRPV6 belong to the vanilloid subfamily of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of ion channels, and both play an important role in overall Ca²⁺ homeostasis. The functioning of the channels centers on a tightly controlled Ca²⁺-dependent feedback mechanism in which the direct binding of the universal Ca²⁺-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) to the channel's C-terminal tail is required for channel inactivation. We have investigated this interaction at the atomic level and propose that under basal cellular Ca²⁺ concentrations CaM is constitutively bound to the channel's C-tail via CaM C-lobe only contacts. When the cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration increases charging the apo CaM N-lobe with Ca²⁺, the CaM:TRPV6 complex rearranges and the TRPV6 C-tail further engages the CaM N-lobe via a crucial interaction involving L707. In a cellular context, mutation of L707 significantly increased the rate of channel inactivation. Finally, we present a model for TRPV6 CaM-dependent inactivation, which involves a novel so-called "two-tail" mechanism whereby CaM bridges two TRPV6 monomers resulting in closure of the channel pore.