The efficacy of biochemical assays in assessing an IUGR risk-group, preselected with ultrasound fetometry

Abstract

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, progesterone, estradiol, estriol and human placental lactogen (hPL) were biochemically assayed in a group of 92 pregnancies in which intra-uterine growth retardation was suspected. The group was selected with ultrasound fetometry at 32 weeks of gestation, and maternal blood was sampled at 33, 35, 37 and 39 weeks of gestation. The IUGR group consisted of 30 pregnancies resulting in the birth of an infant with a birthweight of 2 standard deviations or more below the mean for gestational age in the Malmö population. Intra-uterine growth trends were defined by serial ultrasound fetometry performed every second week. Both serum hormone and hPL content were examined in relation to birth-weight, occurrence of imminent asphyxia at delivery, Apgar score, and pH in the umbilical vein. Neither dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, nor progesterone nor estradiol values correlated to any of the outcome variables. To some extent estriol values distinguished IUGR from non-IUGR fetuses but not until the 39th gestational week, whereas hPL was effective in this respect in all weeks studied. An hPL value below 4 mg/l predicted IUGR with a sensitivity ranging from 52% to 74%, and a specificity ranging from 85% to 78%. HPL correlated well with the subsequent intra-uterine growth rate, but not with the outcome variables studied.