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Review
. 2018 Feb 21:9:286.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00286. eCollection 2018.

Enterovirus A71 Proteins: Structure and Function

Jingjing Yuan  1   2 , Li Shen  3 , Jing Wu  4 , Xinran Zou  4 , Jiaqi Gu  4 , Jianguo Chen  1 , Lingxiang Mao  1
Affiliations
Review

Enterovirus A71 Proteins: Structure and Function

Jingjing Yuan et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection has grown to become a serious threat to global public health. It is one of the major causes of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in infants and young children. EV-A71 can also infect the central nervous system (CNS) and induce diverse neurological complications, such as brainstem encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis, or even death. Viral proteins play a crucial role in EV-A71 infection. Many recent studies have discussed the structure and function of EV-A71 proteins, and the findings reported will definitely aid the development of vaccines and therapeutic approaches. This article reviews the progress in the research on the structure and function of EV-A71 proteins. Available literature can provide a basis for studying the pathogenesis of EV-A71 infection in detail.

Keywords: enterovirus-A71; epitope; function; protein; structure.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The structure of the EV-A71 genome. The 5′UTR of EV-A71 contains six stem-loop structures (I-VI) (Lin et al., 2009a). Stem loop I functions in negative strand synthesis, whereas stem loops II–VI form the type I IRES element. The ORF encodes a polyprotein which is cleaved into 11 viral proteins including 4 structural proteins and 7 non-structural proteins. The 3′UTR of EV-A71 contains three stem-loop structures (X, Y, and Z) which are associated with viral RNA replication (Kok et al., 2012).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The structure of the virion. Three viral structural proteins (VP1–VP4) function as a single structural subunit, the protomer. Five protomers then form a pentamer, twelve of which can self-associate to form a capsid enclosing the viral genome. VP1, VP2, and VP3 are external of the virion, whereas VP4 is completely internalized in the virion (Yi et al., 2017).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Phylogenetic tree constructed among EV71 strains of all genotype/ subgenotype based on complete sequence of vp1 coding gene. Note:bootstrap value (percentage of 1,000 pseudoreplicate datasets) supporting each cluster are shown at the node. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses were conducted using MEGA version 5.0.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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