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. 2018 May:126:125-129.
doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.02.027. Epub 2018 Mar 5.

Sex, race, and insurance status differences in hospital treatment and outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Scott D Casey  1 , Bryn E Mumma  2
Affiliations

Sex, race, and insurance status differences in hospital treatment and outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Scott D Casey et al. Resuscitation. 2018 May.

Abstract

Background: Sex, race, and insurance status are associated with treatment and outcomes in several cardiovascular diseases. These disparities, however, have not been well-studied in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the association of patient sex, race, and insurance status with hospital treatments and outcomes following OHCA.

Methods: We studied adult patients in the 2011-2015 California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) Patient Discharge Database with a "present on admission" diagnosis of cardiac arrest (ICD-9-CM 427.5). Insurance status was classified as private, Medicare, and Medi-Cal/government/self-pay. Our primary outcome was good neurologic recovery at hospital discharge, which was determined by discharge disposition. Secondary outcomes were survival to hospital discharge, treatment at a 24/7 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) center, "do not resuscitate" orders within 24 h of admission, and cardiac catheterization during hospitalization. Data were analyzed with hierarchical multiple logistic regression models.

Results: We studied 38,163 patients in the OSHPD database. Female sex, non-white race, and Medicare insurance status were independently associated with worse neurologic recovery [OR 0.94 (0.89-0.98), 0.93 (0.88-0.98), and 0.85 (0.79-0.91), respectively], lower rates of treatment at a 24/7 PCI center [OR 0.89 (0.85-0.93), 0.88 (0.85-0.93), and 0.87 (0.82-0.94), respectively], and lower rates of cardiac catheterization [OR 0.61 (0.57-0.65), 0.90 (0.84-0.97), and 0.44 (0.40-0.48), respectively]. Female sex, white race, and Medicare insurance were associated with DNR orders within 24 h of admission [OR 1.16 (1.10-1.23), 1.14 (1.07-1.21), and 1.25 (1.15-1.36), respectively].

Conclusions: Sex, race, and insurance status were independently associated with post-arrest care interventions, patient outcomes and treatment at a 24/7 PCI center. More studies are needed to fully understand the causes and implications of these disparities.

Keywords: Cardiac arrest; Disparities; Sex differences.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest declaration: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. All authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Figures

Figure
Figure
Flow diagram of OSHPD study population.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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