The current role of MRI in differentiating multiple sclerosis from its imaging mimics

Ruth Geraldes¹, Olga Ciccarelli^{2

3}, Frederik Barkhof^{2

3

4}, Nicola De Stefano⁵, Christian Enzinger^{6

7}, Massimo Filippi⁸, Monika Hofer⁹, Friedemann Paul¹⁰, Paolo Preziosa⁸, Alex Rovira¹¹, Gabriele C DeLuca¹, Ludwig Kappos¹², Tarek Yousry¹³, Franz Fazekas⁶, Jette Frederiksen¹⁴, Claudio Gasperini¹⁵, Jaume Sastre-Garriga¹⁶, Nikos Evangelou¹⁷, Jacqueline Palace¹; MAGNIMS study group

Affiliations

¹ Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
² University College London, London, UK.
³ National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
⁴ Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁵ Neurology and Neurometabolic Unit, Department of Neurological and Behavioural Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
⁶ Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
⁷ Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
⁸ Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
⁹ Neuropathology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
¹⁰ NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
¹¹ Magnetic Resonance Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹² Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
¹³ Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
¹⁴ Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
¹⁵ Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neurosciences, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
¹⁶ Centre d'Esclerosi Multiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁷ Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK.

PMID: 29521337
DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2018.14

Review

The current role of MRI in differentiating multiple sclerosis from its imaging mimics

Ruth Geraldes et al. Nat Rev Neurol. 2018 Apr.

. 2018 Apr;14(4):199-213.

doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2018.14. Epub 2018 Mar 9.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
² University College London, London, UK.
³ National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
⁴ Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁵ Neurology and Neurometabolic Unit, Department of Neurological and Behavioural Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
⁶ Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
⁷ Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
⁸ Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
⁹ Neuropathology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
¹⁰ NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
¹¹ Magnetic Resonance Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹² Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
¹³ Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
¹⁴ Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
¹⁵ Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neurosciences, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
¹⁶ Centre d'Esclerosi Multiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁷ Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK.

PMID: 29521337
DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2018.14

Erratum in

The current role of MRI in differentiating multiple sclerosis from its imaging mimics.
Geraldes R, Ciccarelli O, Barkhof F, De Stefano N, Enzinger C, Filippi M, Hofer M, Paul F, Preziosa P, Rovira A, DeLuca GC, Kappos L, Yousry T, Fazekas F, Frederiksen J, Gasperini C, Sastre-Garriga J, Evangelou N; Jacqueline Palace on behalf of the MAGNIMS study group. Geraldes R, et al. Nat Rev Neurol. 2018 Mar 20;14(4):213. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2018.39. Nat Rev Neurol. 2018. PMID: 29582852

Abstract

MRI red flags proposed over a decade ago by the European Magnetic Resonance Network in MS (MAGNIMS) have guided clinicians in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the past 10 years have seen increased recognition that vascular disease can coexist and possibly interact with MS, improvements in the reliability of ways to differentiate MS from novel antibody-mediated CNS disorders (such as anti-aquaporin-4 antibody and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated diseases) and advances in MRI techniques. In this Review, MAGNIMS updates the imaging features that differentiate the most common mimics of MS, particularly age-related cerebrovascular disease and neuromyelitis optica, from MS itself. We also provide a pragmatic summary of the clinically useful MRI features that distinguish MS from its mimics and discuss the future of nonconventional techniques that have identified promising disease-specific features.

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The current role of MRI in differentiating multiple sclerosis from its imaging mimics

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The current role of MRI in differentiating multiple sclerosis from its imaging mimics

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