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. 2018 Mar 9;19(1):39.
doi: 10.1186/s12875-018-0725-6.

Relationship between self-efficacy, self-care behaviour and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Malaysian primary care setting

Zahirah Tharek  1 , Anis Safura Ramli  2   3 , David Leonard Whitford  4 , Zaliha Ismail  5 , Maryam Mohd Zulkifli  6 , Siti Khuzaimah Ahmad Sharoni  7 , Asrul Akmal Shafie  8 , Thevaraajan Jayaraman  9
Affiliations

Relationship between self-efficacy, self-care behaviour and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Malaysian primary care setting

Zahirah Tharek et al. BMC Fam Pract. .

Abstract

Background: Self-efficacy has been shown to be positively correlated with self-care behaviour and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, such evidence is lacking in the Malaysian primary care setting. The objectives of this study were to i) determine the levels of self-efficacy, self-care behaviour and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Malaysian primary care setting ii) determine the relationship between self-efficacy, self-care behaviour and glycaemic control iii) determine the factors associated with glycaemic control.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from two public primary care clinics in Malaysia. Self-efficacy and self-care behaviour levels were measured using previously translated and validated DMSES and SDSCA questionnaires in Malay versions, respectively. Glycaemic control was measured using HbA1c. RESULTS: A total of 340 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited. The total mean (±SD) of self-efficacy and self-care behaviour scores were 7.33 (±2.25) and 3.76 (±1.87), respectively. A positive relationship was found between self-efficacy and self-care behaviour (r 0.538, P < 0.001). Higher self-efficacy score was shown to be correlated with lower HbA1c (r - 0.41, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that higher self-efficacy scores (b - 0.398; 95% CI: -0.024, - 0.014; P < 0.001), shorter duration of diabetes (b 0.177; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.007; P < 0.001) and smaller waist circumference (b 0.135; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.035; P = 0.006), were significantly associated with good glycaemic control.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that higher self-efficacy was correlated with improved self-care behaviour and better glycaemic control. Findings of this study suggest the importance of including routine use of self-efficacy measures in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care.

Keywords: Malaysia; Primary care; Self-care behaviour; Self-efficacy; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study protocol and the questionnaires used in this study were reviewed and approved by the National Institute of Health and Medical Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia (NMRR-14-1865-22188) and the Universiti Teknologi MARA Research Ethics Committee. Permission to carry out the study was obtained from the state and district health authorities, Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Patient information leaflets were distributed in Malay language. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants before they were recruited into the study. Participants were informed of any immediate results obtained from the study that might affect their care or health. They were also informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time if they so wish.

Consent for publication

Participants’ consent for publication is not applicable as person’s individual data was neither provided nor presented in the manuscript.

Competing interests

All authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of the conduct of the study
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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