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Review
. 2018 Mar 9;7(6):e006906.
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.006906.

Advances in the Understanding of the Genetic Determinants of Congenital Heart Disease and Their Impact on Clinical Outcomes

Mark W Russell  1 , Wendy K Chung  2 , Jonathan R Kaltman  3 , Thomas A Miller  4
Affiliations
Review

Advances in the Understanding of the Genetic Determinants of Congenital Heart Disease and Their Impact on Clinical Outcomes

Mark W Russell et al. J Am Heart Assoc. .
No abstract available

Keywords: clinical outcomes; congenital heart defects; genetics.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Factors affecting neurodevelopmental outcomes. Measured neurodevelopmental outcomes are directly influenced by how the brain has been formed and developed (brain development), whether or not it has been injured during development or perioperatively (brain injury), and how it has been affected by the patient's social and educational environment (social and educational factors). Genetic factors can have a primary effect on brain development. They can also have a secondary or modifying effect (red arrows) on other factors that affect brain structure and function, including hemodynamic factors, hypoxic/ischemic injury, and drug/toxin‐mediated effects.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Genetic determinants of congenital heart defects. The majority of congenital heart defects do not have an identified genetic etiology. Unexplained CHD may be secondary to noncoding genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, among others. All estimates are approximate and are based on recent publications.20, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 CNVs indicates copy number variants.
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References

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