Reproducibility of acquiring ultrasonographic infant hip images by the Graf method after an infant hip ultrasound training course

Abstract

Purpose: The objective screening of infant hips using ultrasonography (Graf method) is gaining favor in the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip in Japan. However, the accuracy of the Graf method is dependent on the examiner's experience and technique. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproducibility of acquiring ultrasonic hip images and their evaluation after examiners attended an infant hip ultrasound training course.

Materials and methods: Ultrasonic images of 70 hips of 35 newborns who were screened by ultrasonography using the Graf method, were evaluated. The images were acquired by two inexperienced examiners who attended the training course. The inter- and intra-examiner measurement errors as well as reproducibility were calculated based on the images obtained.

Results: The intra-examiner measurement error in the acquired images of the same hip was minor. The inter-examiner measurement error was also small. The intra- and inter-examiner agreements of the Graf classification were high. The intra-examiner reproducibility of the acquired ultrasonic images was substantial, and the inter-examiner reproducibility was almost perfect.

Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that inexperienced examiners could obtain ultrasonic infant hip joint images with minor differences and high reproducibility after the training course. Our findings raise the possibility of extending the infant hip ultrasound course in Japan.

Keywords: Developmental dysplasia of the hip; Graf method; Infant hip ultrasound course; Reproducibility; Ultrasound.