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. 2018 Mar;8(3):164.
doi: 10.1007/s13205-018-1165-7. Epub 2018 Mar 7.

Prospecting Ammoniphilus sp. JF isolated from agricultural fields for butachlor degradation

Jatinder Singh  1 , Yogalakshmi Kadapakkam Nandabalan  1
Affiliations

Prospecting Ammoniphilus sp. JF isolated from agricultural fields for butachlor degradation

Jatinder Singh et al. 3 Biotech. 2018 Mar.

Abstract

Butachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide used worldwide for controlling weeds in plants of rice, corn, soybean and other crops. In this study, indigenous bacterial species Ammoniphilus sp. JF was isolated from the agricultural fields of Punjab and identified using 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. The bacteria utilized butachlor as the sole carbon source and showed complete degradation (100 mg/L) within 24 h of incubation. Two intermediate products, namely 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester and 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol were observed at the end of butachlor degradation. To the best of author's knowledge, biodegradation of butachlor by indigenous Ammoniphilus sp. JF from the agricultural fields of Punjab has not been reported so far.

Keywords: 16S rRNA; Ammoniphilus sp. JF; Butachlor; Herbicide; Indigenous.

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Conflict of interest statement

Compliance with ethical standardsThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
GC–MS profile of butachlor residues present in soil (a, b and c). The mass spectra of compound A (a) and B (b) and C (c) in GC–MS. Compounds A, B and C were identified as Acetamide, 2-chloro-N,N-diethyl, N-hydroxymethyl-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethyl)-acetamide and N-(2,6-diethyl-phenyl)-N-hydroxymethyl-acetamide, respectively
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Neighbour-joining tree showing the phylogenetic relationship between Ammoniphilus sp. JF and related species based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The scale bar represents an evolutionary distance (knuc) of 0.05
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Growth rate of bacterial strain JF at 100 mg/L of butachlor
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
a, b Mass spectra for metabolite-2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, respectively
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Proposed degradation pathway of butachlor by strain Ammoniphilus sp. JF
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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