Feed intake, digestibility and energy partitioning in beef cattle fed diets with cassava pulp instead of rice straw

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effects of replacing rice straw with different proportions of cassava pulp on growth performance, feed intake, digestibility, rumen microbial population, energy partitioning and efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization in beef cattle.

Methods: Eighteen yearling Thai native beef cattle (Bos indicus) with an average initial body weight (BW) of 98.3±12.8 kg were allocated to one of three dietary treatments and fed ad libitum for 149 days in a randomized complete block design. Three dietary treatments using different proportions of cassava pulp (100, 300, and 500 g/kg dry matter basis) instead of rice straw as a base in a fermented total mixed ration were applied. Animals were placed in a metabolic pen equipped with a ventilated head box respiration system to determine total digestibility and energy balance.

Results: The average daily weight gain, digestible intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and non-fiber carbohydrate, total protozoa, energy intake, energy retention and energy efficiency increased linearly (p<0.05) with an increasing proportion of cassava pulp in the diet, whereas the three main types of fibrolytic bacteria and energy excretion in the urine (p<0.05) decreased. The metabolizable energy requirement for the maintenance of yearling Thai native cattle, determined by a linear regression analysis, was 399 kJ/kg BW0.75, with an efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization for growth of 0.86.

Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that increasing the proportion of cassava pulp up to 500 g/kg of dry matter as a base in a fermented total mixed ration is an effective strategy for improving productivity in zebu cattle.

Keywords: Bos indicus; Digestibility; Energy Requirement; Intake; Rumen Microbes.

Figure 1

Linear regression of energy retention (ER, kJ/kg BW^0.75) against metabolizable energy intake (MEI, kJ/kg BW^0.75) of yearling Thai native beef cattle fed fermented total mixed ration diets with different proportions [100 (⋄), 300 (▲), and 500 (○) g/kg dry matter basis] of cassava pulp instead of rice straw. Equation: ER = (0.860_(SE=0.05)×MEI)–342.7_(SE=35.96) (r ² = 0.96; p<0.001; residual standard deviation = 6.9).

Figure 2

Linear regression of the logarithm of heat production (Log₁₀HP, kJ/kg BW^0.75) against metabolizable energy intake (MEI, kJ/kg BW^0.75) of yearling Thai native beef cattle fed fermented total mixed ration diets with different proportions [100 (⋄), 300 (▲), and 500 (○) g/kg dry matter basis] of cassava pulp instead of rice straw. Equation: Log₁₀HP = (0.00015_(SE=0.00004)×MEI)–2.53_(SE=0.03) (r ² = 0.51; p<0.001; residual standard deviation = 0.007).