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. 2018 Feb 16;8(5):3019-3036.
doi: 10.1002/ece3.3668. eCollection 2018 Mar.

Comparative phylogeography of Aedes mosquitoes and the role of past climatic change for evolution within Africa

Kelly Louise Bennett  1 , Martha Kaddumukasa  2   3 , Fortunate Shija  1   4 , Rousseau Djouaka  5 , Gerald Misinzo  5 , Julius Lutwama  2 , Yvonne Marie Linton  6   7   8   9 , Catherine Walton  1
Affiliations

Comparative phylogeography of Aedes mosquitoes and the role of past climatic change for evolution within Africa

Kelly Louise Bennett et al. Ecol Evol. .

Abstract

The study of demographic processes involved in species diversification and evolution ultimately provides explanations for the complex distribution of biodiversity on earth, indicates regions important for the maintenance and generation of biodiversity, and identifies biological units important for conservation or medical consequence. African and forest biota have both received relatively little attention with regard to understanding their diversification, although one possible mechanism is that this has been driven by historical climate change. To investigate this, we implemented a standard population genetics approach along with Approximate Bayesian Computation, using sequence data from two exon-primed intron-crossing (EPIC) nuclear loci and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I, to investigate the evolutionary history of five medically important and inherently forest dependent mosquito species of the genus Aedes. By testing different demographic hypotheses, we show that Aedes bromeliae and Aedes lilii fit the same model of lineage diversification, admixture, expansion, and recent population structure previously inferred for Aedes aegypti. In addition, analyses of population structure show that Aedes africanus has undergone lineage diversification and expansion while Aedes hansfordi has been impacted by population expansion within Uganda. This congruence in evolutionary history is likely to relate to historical climate-driven habitat change within Africa during the late Pleistocene and Holocene epoch. We find differences in the population structure of mosquitoes from Tanzania and Uganda compared to Benin and Uganda which could relate to differences in the historical connectivity of forests across the continent. Our findings emphasize the importance of recent climate change in the evolution of African forest biota.

Keywords: Aedes mosquitoes; African phylogeography; biodiversity; climate Change; comparative Biology; population genetics–empirical.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of sampling locations within Africa (black stars) in relation to the main Guineo‐Congolian rainforest block (in green) and eastern coastal forests (in blue)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Six competing evolutionary scenarios for three populations, Benin, West Africa (WAf), Uganda, Central Africa (CAf) and Tanzania, East Africa (Neafsey et al., 2015), tested within DIYABC
Figure 3
Figure 3
Haplotypes networks for Aedes bromeliae nuclear genes (a) IDH2, (b) Rp30Lb, and mitochondrial (c) COI
Figure 4
Figure 4
Haplotypes networks for Aedes lilii nuclear genes (a) IDH2, (b) Rp30Lb and mitochondrial, (c) COI
Figure 5
Figure 5
Haplotypes networks for Aedes africanus nuclear genes (a) IDH2, (b) Rp30Lb, and mitochondrial (c) COI
Figure 6
Figure 6
Haplotypes networks for Aedes hansfordi nuclear genes (a) IDH2, (b) Rp30Lb, and mitochondrial (c) COI
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