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Review
. 2018 Feb 26:9:350.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00350. eCollection 2018.

Mechanisms of Tolerance Induction by Dendritic Cells In Vivo

Hitoshi Hasegawa  1 , Takuya Matsumoto  1
Affiliations
Review

Mechanisms of Tolerance Induction by Dendritic Cells In Vivo

Hitoshi Hasegawa et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population playing a pivotal role in immune responses and tolerance. DCs promote immune tolerance by participating in the negative selection of autoreactive T cells in the thymus. Furthermore, to eliminate autoreactive T cells that have escaped thymic deletion, DCs also induce immune tolerance in the periphery through various mechanisms. Breakdown of these functions leads to autoimmune diseases. Moreover, DCs play a critical role in maintenance of homeostasis in body organs, especially the skin and intestine. In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of tolerance induction by DCs in the body.

Keywords: dendritic cells; development; immune tolerance; intestine; regulatory T cells; skin; thymus.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
DC development (A) and location and phenotypes of mouse conventional DCs 1 (cDC1s) and conventional DCs 2 (cDC2s) (B). (A) DC, dendritic cells; HSC, hematopoietic stem cells; MP, myeloid procursor; MDP, macrophage/DC progenitor; CDP, common DC progenitor; cDC, conventional DC; pDC, plasmacytoid DC; moDC, monocyte-derived DC. (B) Location and phenotypes of mouse cDC1s (red) and cDC2s (blue).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Induction of tolerance by peripheral dendritic cells (DCs) under steady-state conditions. Tissue-resident, immature DCs capture self-antigens from apoptotic cells, commensal bacteria, and food antigens. Under steady-state conditions, these DCs migrate to the draining lymph nodes without sufficient maturation. Antigen-presenting immature or semi-mature DCs provide insufficient stimulatory signals for T cells and therefore drive naïve T cells to anergy and differentiation into regulatory T cells and regulatory type 1 T (Tr1) cells.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mechanisms of induction of tolerogenic DCs in the intestine. MLN, mesenteric lymph node; AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; RA, retinoic acid.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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