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. 2018 Jan-Feb;22(1):67-73.
doi: 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_438_17.

Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Apparently Healthy Adults above 40 Years of Age in Pune City, India

Nidhi S Kadam  1 , Shashi A Chiplonkar  1 , Anuradha V Khadilkar  1 , Vaman V Khadilkar  1
Affiliations

Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Apparently Healthy Adults above 40 Years of Age in Pune City, India

Nidhi S Kadam et al. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Jan-Feb.

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of study was to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and changes in bone mass with increasing age and compare bone health status of apparently healthy men, premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Methods: Data were collected on anthropometric and sociodemographic factors in 421 apparently healthy Indian adults (women = 228), 40-75 years of age, in a cross-sectional study in Pune city, India. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at two sites-lumbar spine (LS) and left femur. Individuals were classified as having osteoporosis or osteopenia based on the World Health Organization criteria of T-scores.

Results: Mean age of study population was 53.3 ± 8.4 years. Of the total women, 44.3% were postmenopausal with 49.2 ± 3.5 years as mean age at menopause. Postmenopausal women showed a rapid decline in BMD with age till 50 years while men showed a gradual decline. Premenopausal women showed no significant decline in BMD with age (P > 0.1). Significantly lower T-scores were observed at LS in men compared to premenopausal (P < 0.05). At left femur, T-scores were lower in men compared to premenopausal women (P < 0.05) but not postmenopausal women (P > 0.1). The prevalence of osteoporosis in men at LS was lower than postmenopausal women but higher than premenopausal women.

Conclusion: In Indian men, a low T-score compared to women indicates higher susceptibility to osteoporosis. In women, menopause causes a rapid decline in BMD. Therefore, both Indian men and postmenopausal women require adequate measures to prevent osteoporosis during later years in life.

Keywords: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; Indian adults; T-score; left femur neck; lumbar spine; osteoporosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Mean BMD with age at lumbar spine in the study cohort. (b) Mean BMD with age at left femur neck in the study cohort. (c) Mean BMD with age at left hip (total) in the study cohort. BMD: Bone mineral density
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Prevalence of osteoporosis at lumbar spine in women according to menopausal status versus men. (b) Prevalence of osteoporosis at femoral neck in women according to menopausal status versus men
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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