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. 2018 Mar 14;13(3):e0193811.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193811. eCollection 2018.

Composition and diversity of rhizosphere fungal community in Coptis chinensis Franch. continuous cropping fields

Xuhong Song  1   2   3 , Yuan Pan  1   2   3 , Longyun Li  1   2   3 , Xiaoli Wu  1   2   3 , Yu Wang  1   2   3
Affiliations

Composition and diversity of rhizosphere fungal community in Coptis chinensis Franch. continuous cropping fields

Xuhong Song et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

In this study, effects of continuous cropping on soil properties, enzyme activities, and relative abundance, community composition and diversity of fungal taxa were investigated. Rhizosphere soil from field continuously cropped for one-year, three-year and five-year by Coptis chinensis Franch. was collected and analyzed. Illumina high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that continuous cropping of C. chinensis resulted in a significant and continuous decline in the richness and diversity of soil fungal population. Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomeromycota were the dominant phyla of fungi detected in rhizosphere soil. Fungal genera such as Phoma, Volutella, Pachycudonia, Heterodermia, Gibberella, Cladosporium, Trichocladium, and Sporothrix, were more dominant in continuously cropped samples for three-year and five-year compared to that for one-year. By contrast, genera, such as Zygosaccharomyces, Pseudotaeniolina, Hydnum, Umbelopsis, Humicola, Crustoderma, Psilocybe, Coralloidiomyces, Mortierella, Polyporus, Pyrenula, and Monographella showed higher relative abundance in one-year samples than that in three-year and five-year samples. Cluster analysis of the fungal communities from three samples of rhizosphere soil from C. chinensis field revealed that the fungal community composition, diversity, and structure were significantly affected by the continuous cropping. Continuous cropping of C. chinensis also led to significant declines in soil pH, urease, and catalase activities. Redundancy analysis showed that the soil pH had the most significant effect on soil fungal population under continuous cropping of C. chinensis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Rarefaction curves and Venn diagram.
a. Rarefaction curves for three samples at an OTU threshold of 97% sequence similarity; b. Venn diagram for the three collected rhizosphere samples of soil under continuous cropping of C. chinensis.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Composition of the different fungal phyla in different continuously cropped soil samples.
“Others” represents the sum of the relative abundances of all phyla except the 6 listed.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Distribution of the 35 most abundant fungal genera among the three C. chinensis rhizosphere soil samples.
Samples are listed on the Y-axis and fungi species on the X-axis. For the heat map, the left side of the cluster tree is the species cluster tree and the above cluster tree is a sample cluster tree. The mediate heat map represents the Z value of each line, which was calculated as the difference in the average relative abundances of fungi genera from all samples divided by their standard deviations.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Redundancy analysis of the effects of soil properties and the fungal community on the genus.
pH: pH value; OM: soil organic matter; AN: alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen; AK: available potassium; AP: available phosphorus.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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