Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Feb 8;9(3):1069-1081.
doi: 10.1364/BOE.9.001069. eCollection 2018 Mar 1.

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of human liver tumor specimens - towards a tissue differentiating optical biopsy needle using light emitting diodes

Alina Keller  1 , Piotr Bialecki  1 , Torsten Johannes Wilhelm  2   3 , Marcus Klaus Vetter  1   3
Affiliations

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of human liver tumor specimens - towards a tissue differentiating optical biopsy needle using light emitting diodes

Alina Keller et al. Biomed Opt Express. .

Abstract

Significant numbers of liver biopsies fail to yield representative tissue samples. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of LED-based diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to discriminate tumors from liver parenchyma. Ex vivo spectra were acquired from malignant lesions and liver parenchyma of 32 patients who underwent liver resection using a white light source and several LEDs. Integrated spectra of two combined LEDs with emission peaks at 470 nm and 515 nm were classified with 98.4% sensitivity and 99.2% specificity. The promising results could yield to a simple handheld and cost-efficient tool for real-time tissue differentiation implemented in a biopsy needle.

Keywords: (060.2310) Fiber optics; (170.1610) Clinical applications; (170.4580) Optical diagnostics for medicine; (170.6510) Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics; (170.6935) Tissue characterization; (230.3670) Light-emitting diodes.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Reflectance spectra of white light source (solid line, integration time 45 ms) and ten different high power LEDs (dashed lines, integration time 100 ms) measured with a reflectance standard.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Representative example of a resected liver with two malign lesions which are metastases from rectal cancer. The colored markers in a and b describe the 6 measurement sites on tumorous tissue. The remaining measurement sites in c are defined on liver parenchyma.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Mean diffuse reflectance spectra of liver parenchyma (solid line) and tumorous tissue (dashed line) using a broadband light source in the VIS and NIR spectral range before (top) and after (bottom) normalization. The hatched (liver parenchyma) and grey (tumor) areas indicate the standard deviation of each type of tissue.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Classification accuracy obtained from Leave-One-Patient-Out CV procedure based on SVM using integrated diffuse reflectance spectra of single LEDs and paired LED combinations.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Scatterplot of integrated photon counts from LED02 and LED03 of liver tissue (red spots) and malignant lesions (blue crosses).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Receiver operating characteristic curve of discriminating results based on integrated reflectance spectra values of LED02 and LED03. area: area under ROC curve
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Ananthakrishnan A., Gogineni V., Saeian K., “Epidemiology of Primary and Secondary Liver Cancers,” Semin. Intervent. Radiol. 23(1), 47–63 (2006).10.1055/s-2006-939841 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Francque S. M., De Pauw F. F., Van den Steen G. H., Van Marck E. A., Pelckmans P. A., Michielsen P. P., “Biopsy of focal liver lesions: guidelines, comparison of techniques and cost-analysis,” Acta Gastroenterol. Belg. 66(2), 160–165 (2003). - PubMed
    1. de Boer L. L., Hendriks B. H. W., van Duijnhoven F., Peeters-Baas M. T., Van de Vijver K., Loo C. E., Jóźwiak K., Sterenborg H. J. C. M., Ruers T. J. M., “Using DRS during breast conserving surgery: identifying robust optical parameters and influence of inter-patient variation,” Biomed. Opt. Express 7(12), 5188–5200 (2016).10.1364/BOE.7.005188 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Evers D. J., Nachabé R., Vranken Peeters M. J., van der Hage J. A., Oldenburg H. S., Rutgers E. J., Lucassen G. W., Hendriks B. H., Wesseling J., Ruers T. J., “Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: towards clinical application in breast cancer,” Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 137(1), 155–165 (2013).10.1007/s10549-012-2350-8 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Nachabé R., Evers D. J., Hendriks B. H., Lucassen G. W., van der Voort M., Rutgers E. J., Peeters M. J., Van der Hage J. A., Oldenburg H. S., Wesseling J., Ruers T. J., “Diagnosis of breast cancer using diffuse optical spectroscopy from 500 to 1600 nm: comparison of classification methods,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16(8), 087010 (2011).10.1117/1.3611010 - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources