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Review
. 2018 Feb;8(1):47-56.
doi: 10.21037/cdt.2018.01.03.

Echocardiographic feature of diabetic cardiomyopathy: where are we now?

Kazuaki Negishi  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Echocardiographic feature of diabetic cardiomyopathy: where are we now?

Kazuaki Negishi. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2018 Feb.

Abstract

We are now entering the very exciting era of treatment and management of diabetes mellitus (DM) with the emergence of new therapeutic agents, including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i). From a cardiology and echocardiography perspective, the existence of diabetic cardiomyopathy has been proven through over four decades of discussion. DM is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF). Independent associations are found after adjusting for hypertension (HTN) and coronary artery disease (CAD). In patients with both DM and HF, the prognosis is extremely dismal. In this review, the main focus is on both diabetic cardiomyopathy per se and its typical features (including myocardial additive insult related to DM), diagnosis, and management.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus (DM); diabetic cardiomyopathy; echocardiography; myocardial strain; sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i).

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
DM and HF. There has been a long period of discussion on the association between DM and HF, if it is an independent association or confounded by concomitant risk factors, like CAD, HTN or unknown factors. CAD, coronary artery diseases; DM, diabetes mellitus; HF, heart failure; HTN, hypertension
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic illustration of diabetic cardiomyopathy. LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LA, left atrial.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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