Consensus Recommendations for Prevention of Nutritional Rickets: Food Fortification and Micronutrient Supplements for Global Health

doi:10.3934/publichealth.2016.1.40

. 2016 Jan 29;3(1):40-48.

doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.1.40. eCollection 2016.

Consensus Recommendations for Prevention of Nutritional Rickets: Food Fortification and Micronutrient Supplements for Global Health

Wolfgang Högler¹, Magda Aguiar², Mairead Kiely³, Theodore Tulchinsky⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Birmingham Children's Hospital; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
² Department of Health Economics, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
³ Vitamin D Research Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland.
⁴ Professor Emeritus: Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, 91220 Jerusalem, Israel. Head of School of Health Professions, Ashkelon College, Ashkelon, Israel.

PMID: 29546144
PMCID: PMC5690261
DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.1.40

Consensus Recommendations for Prevention of Nutritional Rickets: Food Fortification and Micronutrient Supplements for Global Health

Wolfgang Högler et al. AIMS Public Health. 2016.

. 2016 Jan 29;3(1):40-48.

doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.1.40. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Wolfgang Högler¹, Magda Aguiar², Mairead Kiely³, Theodore Tulchinsky⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Birmingham Children's Hospital; and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
² Department of Health Economics, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
³ Vitamin D Research Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland.
⁴ Professor Emeritus: Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, 91220 Jerusalem, Israel. Head of School of Health Professions, Ashkelon College, Ashkelon, Israel.

PMID: 29546144
PMCID: PMC5690261
DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.1.40

No abstract available

Keywords: Food fortification; folic acid; iodine; iron; micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs); prevention; rickets; vitamin B complex; vitamin D.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interests: None declared.

Figures

**Figure 1.. Countries Which Adopted Mandatory Fortification of Wheat and Maize Flour and/or Rice.**
Source: Food Fortification Initiative. Food control and monitoring. Website: Available at: http://www.ffinetwork.org/global_progress/LegislationAugust2015.jpg (Accessed 27 October 2015).

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

1. International Food Policy Research Institute . Global Nutrition Report 2015: Actions and Accountability to Advance Nutrition and Sustainable Development. Washington, DC: [accessed 5 December 2015]. 2015. Available at: http://www.ifpri.org/publication/global-nutrition-report-2015. - PMC - PubMed
1. United Nations . New York: United Nations; [accessed 11 November 2015]. 2015. Millennium Development Goals Report 2015. Available at: http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%2....
1. Black R. Micronutrient deficiency - an underlying cause of morbidity and mortality. [accessed 10 October 2015];Bull World Health Organ. 2003 81(1):79. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2572405/ - PMC - PubMed
1. Mandelbaum J. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies harm one-third of the world's population. [accessed 5 December 2015];Bull World Health Organ. 2004 82(3) Available at: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/82/3/News.pdf. - PMC - PubMed
1. Tulchinsky TH. Micronutrient deficiency conditions: global health issues. [accessed 5 December 2015];Public Health Rev. 2010 32:243–255. Available at: http://www.publichealthreviews.eu/show/f/28 9. - PMC - PubMed

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[1] International Food Policy Research Institute . Global Nutrition Report 2015: Actions and Accountability to Advance Nutrition and Sustainable Development. Washington, DC: [accessed 5 December 2015]. 2015. Available at: http://www.ifpri.org/publication/global-nutrition-report-2015. - PMC - PubMed

[2] International Food Policy Research Institute . Global Nutrition Report 2015: Actions and Accountability to Advance Nutrition and Sustainable Development. Washington, DC: [accessed 5 December 2015]. 2015. Available at: http://www.ifpri.org/publication/global-nutrition-report-2015. - PMC - PubMed

[3] United Nations . New York: United Nations; [accessed 11 November 2015]. 2015. Millennium Development Goals Report 2015. Available at: http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%2....

[4] United Nations . New York: United Nations; [accessed 11 November 2015]. 2015. Millennium Development Goals Report 2015. Available at: http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%2....

[5] Black R. Micronutrient deficiency - an underlying cause of morbidity and mortality. [accessed 10 October 2015];Bull World Health Organ. 2003 81(1):79. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2572405/ - PMC - PubMed

[6] Black R. Micronutrient deficiency - an underlying cause of morbidity and mortality. [accessed 10 October 2015];Bull World Health Organ. 2003 81(1):79. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2572405/ - PMC - PubMed

[7] Mandelbaum J. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies harm one-third of the world's population. [accessed 5 December 2015];Bull World Health Organ. 2004 82(3) Available at: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/82/3/News.pdf. - PMC - PubMed

[8] Mandelbaum J. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies harm one-third of the world's population. [accessed 5 December 2015];Bull World Health Organ. 2004 82(3) Available at: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/82/3/News.pdf. - PMC - PubMed

[9] Tulchinsky TH. Micronutrient deficiency conditions: global health issues. [accessed 5 December 2015];Public Health Rev. 2010 32:243–255. Available at: http://www.publichealthreviews.eu/show/f/28 9. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Tulchinsky TH. Micronutrient deficiency conditions: global health issues. [accessed 5 December 2015];Public Health Rev. 2010 32:243–255. Available at: http://www.publichealthreviews.eu/show/f/28 9. - PMC - PubMed

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Consensus Recommendations for Prevention of Nutritional Rickets: Food Fortification and Micronutrient Supplements for Global Health

Affiliations

Consensus Recommendations for Prevention of Nutritional Rickets: Food Fortification and Micronutrient Supplements for Global Health

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Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

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