Characterization of a third-order suppressor T cell (Ts3) induced by cryptococcal antigen(s)

Abstract

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that a high dose of cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen (CneF) administered intravenously induces a complex suppressor cell cascade which down-regulates the cell-mediated immune response to Cryptococcus neoformans antigens. The primary objective of this investigation was to determine whether a suppressor cell induced by immunization is required for efferent suppression of the cryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. Our approach to this problem was to immunize CBA/J mice with CneF emulsified in complete Freund adjuvant and then 6 days later to collect spleen cells from the immunized mice and adoptively transfer these cells along with C. neoformans-specific second-order suppressor T cells (Ts2) to naive syngeneic recipients at the time of footpad challenge of the recipients with CneF. To establish which populations of cells in the spleens of immunized mice play a suppressive role, mass cytolysis with specific antibodies and complement was performed before the spleen cells were transferred to naive animals. Since the phenotype of the cells responsible for the transfer of the cryptococcal DTH response had not been completely determined, we first demonstrated that the cells responsible for DTH were L3T4+ Lyt-2- cells. Subsequently, we established that a Thy-1+ L3T4- Lyt-2+ I-J+ cell population induced by immunization was required along with C. neoformans-specific Ts2 cells for efferent suppression of the cryptococcal DTH response. In addition, we demonstrated that the suppressor cells in the immune cell population were derived from cyclophosphamide-sensitive precursors. These data indicate that a third suppressor cell population is required for efferent suppression of the cryptococcal DTH response. As in the azobenzenearsonate and 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl hapten suppressor models, the Ts2 cells in the circuit mediate their effects through this third suppressor component. Since the mode of induction and the phenotype of the third C. neoformans-specific suppressor cells are similar to those reported for Ts3 cells in other antigen-specific suppression models, we referred to this third suppressor cell in the C. neoformans-specific suppressor cell cascade as a Ts3 cell.