Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Jan 23;9(2):743-754.
doi: 10.1364/BOE.9.000743. eCollection 2018 Feb 1.

Investigation of albumin-derived perfluorocarbon-based capsules by holographic optical trapping

Jannis Köhler  1 , Jegor Ruschke  1 , Katja Bettina Ferenz  2 , Cemal Esen  1 , Michael Kirsch  2 , Andreas Ostendorf  1
Affiliations

Investigation of albumin-derived perfluorocarbon-based capsules by holographic optical trapping

Jannis Köhler et al. Biomed Opt Express. .

Abstract

Albumin-derived perfluorocarbon-based capsules are promising as artificial oxygen carriers with high solubility. However, these capsules have to be studied further to allow initial human clinical tests. The aim of this paper is to provide and characterize a holographic optical tweezer to enable contactless trapping and moving of individual capsules in an environment that mimics physiological (in vivo) conditions most effectively in order to learn more about the artificial oxygen carrier behavior in blood plasma without recourse to animal experiments. Therefore, the motion behavior of capsules in a ring shaped or vortex beam is analyzed and optimized on account of determination of the optical forces in radial and axial direction. In addition, due to the customization and generation of dynamic phase holograms, the optical tweezer is used for first investigations on the aggregation behavior of the capsules and a statistical evaluation of the bonding in dependency of different capsule sizes is performed. The results show that the optical tweezer is sufficient for studying individual perfluorocarbon-based capsules and provide information about the interaction of these capsules for future use as artificial oxygen carriers.

Keywords: (000.1430) Biology and medicine; (090.2890) Holographic optical elements; (140.7010) Laser trapping; (160.1435) Biomaterials; (350.4855) Optical tweezers or optical manipulation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Chemical structure of PFD (C10F18).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The used hologram on the SLM is a combination of the phase and amplitude patterns, which leads to a ring shaped intensity profile and enables trapping of the PBCs.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A combination of the vortex phase pattern and a changing amplitude leads to presented intensity distributions and opening of the vortex beam. The topological charge of the vortex is ℓ = 19 and the diameter is dv = 5 µm, respectively. The MATLAB code is available in the supplementary information, see Code 1 [40].
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
(a) The critical velocity vc is determined by moving a capsule on a circular path while gradually increasing the velocity. (b)–(d) A capsule with a diameter of 5.2 µm is moved with a velocity of 3.5 µm/s.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
(a) The optimal ratio of the vortex-to-capsule diameter where the critical velocity can be maximized is dv/dc = 1. (b) Using this value, a linear correlation between velocity and laser power can be determined. (c) The radial optical force Frad can be calculated by Equation 2.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The acting forces on a capsule must be balanced for stably trapping in axial direction. The equilibrium position is slightly above the imaging plane (I). The laser power is reduced until the capsule falls out of the trap onto the cover glass (II).
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
(a) The minimal laser power to stably trap different capsules augments with increasing diameter. The black lines correspond to fits by Equation 3 (Pmin∝dc3). (b) The axial force Fax can be calculated by Equation 3 (black lines are linear fits through the origin).
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Two vortex beams are generated to simultaneously trap two PBCs. By moving and opening the vortices, the capsules were joined.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
A number of 168 capsules were optically joined and the presented probability of bonding was determined.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bruun M.T., Pendry K., Georgsen J., Manzini P., Lorenzi M., Wikman A., Borg-Aquilina D., van Pampus E., van Kraaij M., Fischer D., Meybohm P., Zacharowski K., Geisen C., Seifried E., Liumbruno G.M., Folléa G., Grant-Casey J., Babra P., Murphy M.F., “Patient Blood Management in Europe: surveys on top indications for red blood cell use and Patient Blood Management organization and activities in seven European university hospitals,” Vox Sang. 111(4), 391–398 (2016). 10.1111/vox.12435 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Habler O., Pape A., Meier J., Zwissler B., “Artificial oxygen carriers as an alternative to red blood cell transfusion,” Anaesthesist 54(8), 741–754 (2005). 10.1007/s00101-005-0893-3 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Henkel-Hanke T., Oleck M., “Artificial oxygen carriers: a current review,” AANA J 75(3), 205–211 (2007). - PubMed
    1. Spahn D.R., Moch H., Hofmann A., Isbister J.P., “Patient Blood Management: the pragmatic solution for the problems with blood transfusions,” Anesthesiology 109(6), 951–953 (2008). 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818e3d75 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Spahn D.R., Goodnough L.T., “Alternatives to blood transfusion,” Lancet 381(9880), 1855–1865 (2013). 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60808-9 - DOI - PMC - PubMed