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Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus after Its Emergence in Brazil

Juarez P Dias et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018 Apr.

Abstract

Chikungunya has had a substantial impact on public health because of the magnitude of its epidemics and its highly debilitating symptoms. We estimated the seroprevalence, proportion of symptomatic cases, and proportion of chronic form of disease after introduction of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in 2 cities in Brazil. We conducted the population-based study through household interviews and serologic surveys during October-December 2015. In Feira de Santana, we conducted a serologic survey of 385 persons; 57.1% were CHIKV-positive. Among them, 32.7% reported symptoms, and 68.1% contracted chronic chikungunya disease. A similar survey in Riachão do Jacuípe included 446 persons; 45.7% were CHIKV-positive, 41.2% reported symptoms, and 75.0% contracted the chronic form. Our data confirm intense CHIKV transmission during the continuing epidemic. Chronic pain developed in a high proportion of patients. We recommend training health professionals in management of chronic pain, which will improve the quality of life of chikungunya-affected persons.

Keywords: Brazil; CHIKV; attack rate; chikungunya virus; incidence; mosquito; seroprevalence; survey; vector-borne infections; viruses.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Notified cases of chikungunya georeferenced by household in Feira de Santana (A; n = 1,339), and Riachão do Jacuípe (B; n= 1,536), Bahia state, Brazil, during epidemiologic week 32 of 2014 through week 11 of 2015. Inset maps show locations of Feira de Santana and Riachão do Jacuípe in Bahia state and Bahia state in Brazil.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Density of notified cases of chikungunya by census tract in A) Feira de Santana and B) Riachão do Jacuípe, Bahia state, Brazil, during epidemiologic week 32 of 2014 through week 11 of 2015. Yellow shaded areas with red borders indicate the census tracts in which most cases were concentrated.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Flowchart of serologic survey of chikungunya in residents of George Américo, Feira de Santana, and Alto do Cemitério, Riachão de Jacuípe, in Bahia state, Brazil, 2015. Number ranges in paretheses indicate 95% CIs.
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