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. 2018 Mar 20;19(1):70.
doi: 10.1186/s12882-018-0866-9.

Epidemiology and risk factors in CKD patients with pulmonary hypertension: a retrospective study

Qian Zhang  1 , Le Wang  1 , Hongbing Zeng  1 , Yongman Lv  1 , Yi Huang  2
Affiliations

Epidemiology and risk factors in CKD patients with pulmonary hypertension: a retrospective study

Qian Zhang et al. BMC Nephrol. .

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare disease often associated with high mortality and is recently recognized as a common complication secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Epidemiological data for this disorder across the spectrum of CKD is poorly understood.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 705 CKD patients with complete clinical records from July 2013 to September 2015. All the patients were estimated by echocardiography and PH was defined as pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) > 35 mmHg. The prevalence of PH in CKD patients was investigated, and their association was evaluated with a logistic regression model.

Results: The overall prevalence of PH was 47.38%, in which mild, moderate and severe PH accounted for 22.13, 15.04 and 10.21%, respectively. The prevalence of PH in CKD stage 1-5 was 14.29, 33.33, 38.89, 40.91 and 64.47%. The prevalence of total PH was 57.63% in PD patients and 58.82% in HD patients. Compared with the non-dialysis patients, the prevalence of PH was much higher in patients receiving dialysis. Body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, triglyceride (TG), proteinuria, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were independent risk factors of PH in CKD patients.

Conclusions: The prevalence of PH is increased with the deterioration of renal function, however, which has no direct relation to the severity of PH. PH occurs more frequently in dialysis patients. Higher BMI and TG, more sever anemia, proteinuria and secondary hyperparathyroidism, poor renal dysfunction predict predict the more prevalence of PH in CKD patients.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Prevalence; Pulmonary hypertension; Risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The Ethics Research Committee at Tongji Hospital approved the study and agreed that informed consent was not necessary because of the observational nature (retrospective analysis) of this study. The information of all patients was anonymized and de-identified prior to analysis.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Prevalence of mild, moderate and severe PH in different stages of CKD patients
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Prevalence of mild, moderate and severe PH in dialysis patients. Compared with the non-dialysis patients, the prevalence of PH was much higher in patients received dialysis
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Prevalence of mild, moderate and severe PH in HD and PD patients
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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