Susceptibility-weighted imaging predicts infarct size and early-stage clinical prognosis in acute ischemic stroke

Abstract

Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a non-invasive technique that can reveal venous structures and iron in the brain. This retrospective study evaluated SWI, relative to other imaging techniques, for determining cerebral infarct size and early-stage clinical prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Within 3 days after onset, 22 patients with acute ischemic stroke underwent SWI, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). At least 7 days after onset, the patients also underwent cranial FLAIR or computed tomography (CT). The severity of neurological damage was adjudged with NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) scores. The imaged cranial lesions were evaluated according to ASPECTS (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score). The SWI-ASPECTS significantly correlated with mean transit time (MTT)-ASPECTS (Spearman's test, r = 0.662, P = 0.001) in evaluating ischemic penumbra and significantly correlated with the FLAIR and CT-ASPECTS (Spearman's test, r = 0.765, P < 0.001) in predicting infarct size. SWI is feasible for the early evaluation of cerebral infarct size and clinical prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction. SWI is a useful predictor of early infarct growth and early-stage outcome.

Keywords: Infarct size; Ischemic stroke; Magnetic resonance imaging; Perfusion-weighted imaging; Stroke; Susceptibility-weighted imaging.