Impact of continuous regional arterial infusion in the treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis: analysis of a national administrative database

Abstract

Background: Although continuous regional arterial infusion (CRAI) of protease inhibitors and broad antibiotics has been suggested as one of the therapeutic option for patients with acute necrotic pancreatitis (ANP), the effectiveness has not been well-corroborated in clinical studies.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a Japanese national administrative database. Severe acute pancreatitis patients with a poorly enhanced pancreas region (i.e., definitive or clinically suspected ANP) were identified and dichotomized according to whether CRAI was performed. We compared the outcomes of in-hospital mortality, surgical interventions, hospital-free days, and healthcare costs between groups adjusted by the well-validated case-mix adjustment model using a multivariate mixed-effect regression analysis and a propensity score matching analysis.

Results: Of 243,312 acute pancreatitis patients, 702 eligible patients were identified, of these 339 patients underwent CRAI. The case-mix adjustment model established had good predictability for in-hospital mortality with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.87. CRAI was significantly associated with reduced in-hospital mortality [14.5% in the CRAI group vs. 18.2% in the non-CRAI group, adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval; CI) = 0.60 (0.36-0.97)]. Significant associations were not observed for the frequency of surgical interventions and mean hospital-free days; however, significantly higher healthcare costs were observed in the CRAI group. Results of the propensity score matching analysis did not alter these results.

Conclusions: Analysis of a nationwide large-scale database suggested that CRAI was significantly associated with reduced in-hospital mortality for patients with ANP. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted.

Keywords: Acute pancreatitis; Antibiotics; Mortality; Protease inhibitor; Severe acute pancreatitis.