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. 2018 Jan-Feb;22(1):12-17.
doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_287_17.

Expression of protease-activated receptors 1 and 2 in individuals with healthy gingiva and chronic periodontitis

Sivasankari Thilagar  1 , Muthukumar Santhanakrishnan  2 , Suresh Rao  2
Affiliations

Expression of protease-activated receptors 1 and 2 in individuals with healthy gingiva and chronic periodontitis

Sivasankari Thilagar et al. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2018 Jan-Feb.

Abstract

Background: Protease-activated receptors (PAR-1 and PAR-2) are found to be immensely exhibited in the periodontal tissues. These receptors are involved in the inflammatory and repair processes. Activation of PARs is mainly by the bacterial and endogenous enzymes. The aim of the study was to determine the role of PAR-1 and PAR-2 in initiating periodontal inflammation and to immunolocalize these receptors in the gingival tissues of healthy and chronic periodontitis individuals.

Materials and methods: A total of 50 patients were selected for this study, of which 25 were healthy controls and 25 were chronic periodontitis patients. Gingival tissues were excised from the marginal gingiva and interdental papilla under local anesthesia (xylocaine with 2% adrenaline) during crown lengthening procedure or during periodontal therapy depending on the respective groups. Immunohistochemical analyses of PARs were done by staining the samples with hematoxylin and eosin and with primary and secondary antibody for PAR-1 and PAR-2.

Results: The Hematoxylin and Eosin staining showed more inflammatory changes in the periodontitis group compared to healthy gingiva. In chronic periodontitis, PAR-1-positive cells were seen in the basal layer with a weak expression and were showing negative expression in the superficial layer. In consideration of PAR-2, there was a very strong expression up to the superficial layer of the epithelium, compared to PAR-1. On comparing the intensity of staining in the connective tissue of chronic periodontitis sample, there was an increased expression of PAR-2 compared with PAR-1. A low positive expression of PAR-1 and PAR-2 was observed in the epithelium and connective tissue of the healthy tissues.

Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrated the role of PAR-1 and 2 in periodontal inflammation.

Keywords: Chronic periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; immunity; immunohistochemistry; inflammation; protease-activated receptor.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Section showing low positive expression of protease-activated receptor 1 in the epithelium and connective tissue of the control tissue (×10)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Section showing positive expression of protease-activated receptor 1 around areas of collagen destruction of chronic periodontitis (×10)
Figure 3
Figure 3
Section showing low positive expression of protease-activated receptor 2 in the epithelium and connective tissue of the control tissue (×10)
Figure 4
Figure 4
Section showing increased expression of protease-activated receptor 2 around nerve tissue and areas of collagen destruction of chronic periodontitis (×10)
Figure 5
Figure 5
Section showing negative expression of protease-activated receptor 1 in the superficial layer of chronic periodontitis (×40)
Figure 6
Figure 6
Section showing very strong expression of protease-activated receptor 2 in the epithelium and connective tissue around areas of destruction (×10)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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