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. 2017 Nov 30;18(1):717.
doi: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v18i1.717. eCollection 2017.

Late stage presentation of HIV-positive patients to antiretroviral outpatient clinic in Zambia

Timothy Martin  1 , Morgan Mweene  2   3   4   5
Affiliations

Late stage presentation of HIV-positive patients to antiretroviral outpatient clinic in Zambia

Timothy Martin et al. South Afr J HIV Med. .

Abstract

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Zambian Ministry of Health set out new guidelines on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in 2013 expanding the eligibility criteria for patients with HIV.

Objectives: The primary objective were to determine when cART was initiated in HIV-positive outpatients according to clinical and immunological criteria, and to identify what proportion of patients who were eligible for cART according to 2013 WHO and 2013 Zambian cART guidelines were currently on cART.

Methodology: This was a clinical audit of HIV-positive outpatients attending the cART clinic at Ndola Central Hospital in Ndola, Zambia, with retrospective cross-sectional chart review and survey design. Data were collected from clinical records and interviews with patients.

Results: A total of 99% of patients eligible for cART according to 2013 guidelines were on treatment. Clinical staging of patients at initiated on cART (n = 206) was as follows: 28% clinical stage I, 21% clinical stage II, 36% clinical stage III and 15% clinical stage IV. The median CD4 count when patients were started on cART was 147 cells/mm3.

Conclusion: The results show that a majority of patients were initiated on cART late in their disease course according to immunological (CD4 < 200 cell/mm3) and clinical criteria (stage III or IV). However, the vast majority of patients eligible for cART were currently on treatment. The late initiation of cART appears to be a result of late diagnosis of HIV.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships which may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Clinical stage at initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy. (n = 206)
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
CD4 count of patients at initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy. (n = 206)
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Clinical stage at initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy of patients started before 01 January 2010 and those started after 01 January 2010. (n = 206)
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
CD4 count at initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy of patients started before 01 January 2010 and those started after 01 January 2010.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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