Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Mar 8:6:e4503.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.4503. eCollection 2018.

Validation and application of the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (C-PSQ) in nursing students

Yi Luo #  1 , Boxiong Gong #  2 , Runtang Meng #  3 , Xiaoping Cao  1 , Shuang Tang  4 , Hongzhi Fang  5 , Xing Zhao  6 , Bing Liu  7
Affiliations

Validation and application of the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (C-PSQ) in nursing students

Yi Luo et al. PeerJ. .

Abstract

Objective: To translate the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) into Chinese, validate its reliability and validity in nursing students and investigate the perceived stress level of nursing students.

Method: Forward- and back-translation combined with expert assessment and cross-cultural adaptations were used to construct the Chinese version of the PSQ (C-PSQ). This research adopted a stratified sampling method among 1,519 nursing students in 30 classes of Ningbo College of Health Sciences to assess the reliability and validity of the C-PSQ. Among them, we used the Recent C-PSQ (only the last month).

Results: The C-PSQ retained all 30 items of the original scale. Principal component analysis extracted five factors that explained 52.136% of the total variance. The S-CVI/Ave was 0.913. Concurrent validity was 0.525 and 0.567 for anxiety and depression respectively. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis were as follows: χ2/df = 4.376, RMR = 0.023, GFI = 0.921, AGFI = 0.907, CFI = 0.916, RMSEA = 0.048, PNFI = 0.832, PGFI = 0.782, CN = 342 and AIC/CAIC = 0.809. The scale's Cronbach's alpha was 0.922, and Cronbach's α of each dimension was 0.899 (worries/tension), 0.821 (joy), 0.688 (overload), 0.703 (conflict), 0.523 (self-realization). The correlation coefficient between the first and second test, the first and third test and the second and third test was 0.725, 0.787 and 0.731, respectively. Mean values and distribution of overall PSQ index in nursing students was 0.399 ± 0.138. Different demographic factors were significantly associated with the perceived stress of nursing students.

Conclusion: The C-PSQ has an appropriate reliability and validity, which means that the scale can be used as a universal tool for psychosomatic studies. The perceived stress of nursing students was relatively high. Further studies are needed.

Keywords: Application; Nursing students; Perceived stress; Validation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Flow chart of introducing the C-PSQ.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Confirmatory factor analysis the modified model (n = 1,453).
Figure 3
Figure 3. Confirmatory factor analysis the uncorrelated base model (n = 1,453).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Al-Zayyat AS, Al-Gamal E. Perceived stress and coping strategies among Jordanian nursing students during clinical practice in psychiatric/mental health courses. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 2014;23(4):326–335. doi: 10.1111/inm.12054. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Althubaiti A. Information bias in health research: definition, pitfalls, and adjustment methods. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. 2016;9:211. doi: 10.2147/jmdh.s104807. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Antonius R. Interpreting Quantitative Data with SPSS. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage; 2003.
    1. Asencio-López L, Almaraz-Celis G, Carrillo MV, Huerta VP, Silva GL, Muñoz TM, Monroy CF, Regalado TJ, Dipp MK, López MD. Burnout syndrome in first to sixth-year medical students at a private university in the north of Mexico: descriptive cross-sectional study. Medwave. 2015;16(3):e6432. doi: 10.5867/medwave.2016.03.6432. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Beddoe AE, Murphy SO. Does mindfulness decrease stress and foster empathy among nursing students? Journal of Nursing Education. 2004;43:305–312. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources