E-cigarette initiation and associated changes in smoking cessation and reduction: the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, 2013-2015

Abstract

Background: The role of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in product transitions has been debated.

Methods: We used nationally representative data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study waves 1 (2013-2014) and 2 (2014-2015) to investigate the associations between e-cigarette initiation and cigarette cessation/reduction in the USA. We limited the sample to current cigarette smokers aged 25+ years who were not current e-cigarette users at wave 1. We modelled 30-day cigarette cessation and substantial reduction in cigarette consumption as a function of e-cigarette initiation between surveys using multivariable logistic regression.

Results: Between waves 1 and 2, 6.9% of cigarette smokers who were not current e-cigarette users transitioned to former smokers. After adjusting for covariates, cigarette smokers who initiated e-cigarette use between waves and reported they used e-cigarettes daily at wave 2 had 7.88 (95% CI 4.45 to 13.95) times the odds of 30-day cigarette cessation compared with non-users of e-cigarettes at wave 2. Cigarette smokers who began using e-cigarettes every day and did not achieve cessation had 5.70 (95% CI 3.47 to 9.35) times the odds of reducing their average daily cigarette use by at least 50% between waves 1 and 2 compared with e-cigarette non-users.

Conclusions: Daily e-cigarette initiators were more likely to have quit smoking cigarettes or reduced use compared with non-users. However, less frequent e-cigarette use was not associated with cigarette cessation/reduction. These results suggest incorporating frequency of e-cigarette use is important for developing a more thorough understanding of the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette cessation.

Keywords: ENDS; PATH; cigarette reduction; e-cigarette; e-cigarette initiation; electronic cigarette; population assessment of tobacco and health; product transitions; smoking cessation; vape; vaping.

Figure 1

Predicted probabilities of (A) cigarette cessation and (B) reduction at wave 2 by electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) initiation, Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (2013–2015). Predicted probabilities of achieving 30-day cigarette cessation and reduction as a function of e-cigarette initiation between waves were calculated using coefficients estimated from the models shown in tables 2 and 3.