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. 2018 Jul;39(7):2941-2954.
doi: 10.1002/hbm.24051. Epub 2018 Mar 25.

Orbito-frontal cortex mechanism of inhibition of return in current and remitted depression

Qin Dai  1   2   3 , Xuntao Yin  4 , Hong Li  1 , Zhengzhi Feng  2
Affiliations

Orbito-frontal cortex mechanism of inhibition of return in current and remitted depression

Qin Dai et al. Hum Brain Mapp. 2018 Jul.

Abstract

Deficient inhibition of return (IOR) for emotional materials is an important cognitive biomarker of depression. However, its neural mechanism and role in depression remission remain largely unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study observed the neural foundation of inhibition of return in individuals with current (n = 30) and remitted (n = 27) depression and in healthy controls (n = 33), by using a cue-target task. The results showed that individuals with remitted depression (RMD) possessed a nonavoidant attention model for sad faces, which indicated a cue validity and was correlated with enhanced task- and resting-state activation and function connectivity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), in contrast, displayed an IOR effect for all faces, which indicated a strategy of attention avoidance due to the high cognitive burden in the cue-target task, and was correlated with decreased resting-state activation and function connectivity in OFC. Moreover, the hippocampus, a less-known cortex in IOR, showed a contrary model, that is, lower activation in depression remission and higher task- and resting-state activation in depressive episodes. The results suggest the OFC mechanism of the IOR effect in remitted depression and the hippocampus mechanism of the IOR effect in depressive episodes, which offer potential biomarkers for the clinical treatment of depression.

Keywords: depression; fMRI; inhibition of return; orbitofrontal cortex; remission.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of participant recruitment
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cue‐target task (sad faces) [Color figure can be viewed at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Figure 3
Figure 3
Higher hippocampus activation for sad faces in the MDD group compared with the NC group [Color figure can be viewed at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Figure 4
Figure 4
Higher OFC and hippocampus activation for invalid cue condition of neutral faces in the RMD group [Color figure can be viewed at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Figure 5
Figure 5
Higher OFC activation for invalid cue condition of sad faces in the RMD group [Color figure can be viewed at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Figure 6
Figure 6
ROI‐based resting‐state function connectivity of the three groups [Color figure can be viewed at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com]
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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