Comparison of different grafting materials for treatment of bone defect distal to the molar in canine

Abstract

Background: The extraction of impacted mandibular 3rd molar is highly related to bone defect distal to the adjacent 2nd molar.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different grafting materials for the treatment of bone defect distal to the mandibular molar in canine model.

Materials and methods: In 12 beagle dogs, bilateral mandibular 2nd and 3rd molars were extracted and entire mesial bone of the 2nd molar extracted socket was surgically removed. Twenty-four bone defects (4 mm width and 8 mm depth) were randomly assigned to 4 groups, and grafted using 1 of the following protocols: (1) group C: no graft; (2) group Ta: autogenous bone (AB); (3) group Tb: deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) with a collagen membrane (CM); and (4) group Tab: an equal mixture of AB/DBBM + CM. Quantitative imageology analyses using micro-CT and fluorescence microscopy, as well as qualitative analyses using histological and histomorphometric evaluations, were characterized at postoperative 12 weeks. Significant differences of all variables were tested by multivariate analysis (P < .05).

Results: The defect depth was significantly lower in groups Ta, Tb, and Tab (1.70, 1.97, and 1.61 mm, respectively; mean) than in the group C (3.66 mm, P < .01, all). Compared to the sites received DBBM/CM, sites grafted with AB or AB/DBBM exhibited significant greater and faster new bone formation (P < .01). The percentage of DBBM remnants area (%) was significantly higher in group Tb than in group Tab (10.43% and 1.13%, P < .01; mean).

Conclusions: Our data suggested grafting AB alone, DBBM/CM, or AB/DBBM/CM resulted in similar periodontal parameters in canine. Furthermore, the AB could accelerate new bone regeneration and mineralization, and promote the biodegradation of DBBM.

Keywords: animal experiments; bone regeneration; bone substitutes; third molar.