Effects of bathing interval on skin condition and axillary bacterial colonization in preterm infants

Abstract

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of preterm infant bathing periods on skin condition and axillary skin colonization.

Background: Reducing the frequency of bathing in preterm infants is beneficial in reducing the risk of hypothermia and exposure to stress from frequent nursing contacts.

Methods: The subjects of this study were observed at The V hospital at the C University in South Korea between December 2012 and August 2013. A total of 32 preterm infants were included and were randomly assigned to two different bathing intervals; every four days (n=16) and the other every two days (n=16) bathing groups. A neonatal skin conditions were assessed on a daily basis, whereas, axillary skin colonization was measured every eight days before bathing. Data was analyzed via the SPSS program with a non-inferiority test, t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and paired t-test.

Results: Mean differences of skin condition between the four-day bathing and two-day bathing groups were 0.065 and the 97.5% one-sided confidence limit was 0.196 (less than the non-inferiority margin, 0.3). There were no statistically significant differences in skin condition and axillary skin colonization between the two groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The interval of bathing for preterm infants can be changed from every two days to every four days without increasing the incidence of skin condition problems or axillary skin colonization. Less-frequent bathing may decrease the chance of physiological instability caused by the caring process, while providing them with a better environment for growth and development.

Keywords: Bathing interval; Evidence-based practice; Preterm infant; Skin colonization; Skin condition.