Effect of statin therapy on plasma apolipoprotein CIII concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Background: Statins are well-established low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering drugs. Elevated apolipoprotein CIII (Apo CIII) levels are associated with elevated triglyceride-rich particles, which are also considered to be a possible risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials was to assess the effect of statins on Apo CIII concentrations.

Methods: Randomized placebo-controlled trials investigating the impact of statin treatment on cholesterol lowering that include lipoprotein measurement were searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases (up to July 31, 2017). A random-effects model and generic inverse variance method were used for quantitative data synthesis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method. A weighted random-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate the impact of potential confounders on Apo CIII concentrations.

Results: This meta-analysis of data from 6 randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials (10 statin arms) involving 802 subjects showed that statin therapy significantly decreased circulating Apo CIII concentrations (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -2.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.74 to -1.68, P < .001; I²: 73.83%). The effect size was robust in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis and not driven by any single study. Subgroup analysis showed a reduction of Apo CIII concentrations by atorvastatin (WMD: -4.74, 95% CI: -3.74 to -1.68, P = .002; I²: 84.02%), rosuvastatin (WMD: -2.68, 95% CI: -4.52 to -0.84, P = .004; I²: 0%), and lovastatin (WMD: -1.64, 95% CI: -2.22 to -1.07, P < .001; I²: 0%).

Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that statin treatment significantly reduces plasma Apo CIII levels.

Keywords: Apolipoprotein CIII; Atorvastatin; Cardiovascular disease; Lovastatin; Rosuvastatin; Statins.